Hello! It was not for nothing that I undertook to write an article on how to flash a flash drive - I have experience. Yesterday I restored my flash drive Kingston DT Elite 3.0 16GB. Everything worked out, and I thought, why not write a similar instruction, and tell what and how to do in order to give the flash drive a new life :).
Now, probably in every house there is a flash drive and very rarely one. It is convenient to transfer information to them, they are beautiful and, moreover, recently they are not expensive. But very often USB drives fail. If we talk about why this happens, then we ourselves are in the first place. you always do safe extraction flash drives? So I rarely. Of course, there may be other reasons why flash drives simply “die”.
One point needs to be clarified here. It happens that the flash drive really “dies”. In this case, it cannot be restored. At least at home. But if USB stick, when connected to a computer, it shows at least some signs of life, then you can try to restore its operation with the controller firmware.
What are the signs of USB drive life?
- When you connect a flash drive to a computer, the computer gives a signal about connecting the device - it's already good.
- At Windows connection ask to format a removable drive (but there are problems and errors during the formatting process such as “Windows cannot complete formatting”).
- The flash drive is detected and visible in the explorer, but when you try to open it, the message “Insert disk ...” appears
- Errors occur when copying information.
- Very slow write/read speed.
If there is valuable information on the flash drive, then you can try to restore it before and after the firmware. You can do this with different programs. I advice Recuva, here is an article, but there are many other, good programs.
If the information is very valuable, then it is better not to do anything on your own so as not to make things worse. Contact special service centres who are involved in data recovery.
Let's now look at the whole controller firmware process using a real example, using my flash drive as an example. Kingston DataTraveler Elite 3.0 16GB. I have this flash drive broke generally interesting. I had to upload files to it and delete those that had already been recorded. I connected it to the computer, began to delete the folder. But the Folder was deleted very slowly. I disconnected and reconnected this flash drive, an inscription appeared that the disk must be formatted “Before using the disk ...”.
Since there were no Important files on the flash drive, I started formatting without hesitation.
But the process itself lasted a very long time and never ended, I forcibly stopped it. The message “Windows could not complete formatting” may also appear.
But still, I formatted it, since the tenth time and only in FAT 32. After that, the USB drive was normally defined and I was even delighted. But it was not there. I started copying files to it, and the recording speed was about 100 kb / s. I decided to flash it, which I did.
Determine the VID and PID of the USB controller
To start we need determine VID and PID. This is data about the model and manufacturer of the controller, which is in our drive. Based on this data, we will look for a firmware utility. There are many different programs, with which you can determine the VID and PID. I recommend the utility flash drive Information Extractor you can download from the link.
Connect the flash drive to the computer and run Flash program Drive Information Extractor (extract the folder with the program from the archive and run the GetFlashInfo.exe file).
Click the button at the top of the program “Get flash drive data”.
The program will give us the result. We look at the information that is opposite the VID and PID.
You can copy these numbers, or leave the utility window open, we will need the data now.
We are looking for a utility for flashing a flash drive
According to the VID and PID data, we need to find a utility with which we will flash the controller. There is a good site flashboot.ru, which contains a database of flash drives and utilities for their recovery.
In the search results, we are looking for a flash drive similar to ours. The list may include devices from other manufacturers. They just have the same controller, it was determined by VID and PID. You may have noticed that I have a 16 GB flash drive, and in the list I have allocated 32 GB. I don't think there's anything wrong with that (just where the name of the utility is not indicated on 16 GB). You try to choose a more similar device from the list.
We are interested in the field UTILS(utility), copy its name, completely.
Unfortunately, the utility I needed was not found on this site. Perhaps you will be more lucky and you will see something in the search results. Download the utility to your computer.
But I did not stop there and started to google. I just asked “SK6221 MPTool 2013-04-25” and found this utility on some other site. If you have the same flash drive, then this utility is. True, the name of the archive is different, but this did not stop me from successfully curing my flash drive.
USB drive recovery process
Turn off your flash drive. Extract the utility folder from the archive and run .exe file. In my case, this is the MPTool.exe file. See also text file readme.txt. Perhaps there is an instruction, or a link to a site with instructions. If the instruction is in English, then translate it using the same translate.google.ru.
I'll tell you how I did (it’s just that you may have a different utility and everything may be different there, but it should not be very different).
The utility is running. We connect the flash drive. I have information about the flash drive in two lines in the program. We press the button Start. In my case, the yellow bar signaled the firmware process. We wait.
When the process ended, I saw green color, all is well.
Should appear immediately Windows message prompting you to format the drive. But the first time, it probably won't work. Unplug the flash drive and plug it back in. The driver should install and the removable drive should appear in File Explorer. You can format it.
I checked the write speed, everything is as it should be for USB 3.0, everything is fine!
You must be prepared for the fact that the actions may differ from those that I described. And not everything can work out the first time. The main thing is not to give up and everything will work out!
How to repair a broken flash drive
If you don't know how reestablish broken flash drive, download this program, which will easily and simply fix all errors and malfunctions, after which your flash drive will be operational again.
OC: Windows all
Medicine: Not required
File size: 12.82 Mb
Download JetFlash Recovery Tool v1.0.12
flashnul 0.9
A program that allows you to diagnose and fix software Flash errors drives.
Removable media based on flash memory (such as usb-flash drives, SD, MMC, MS,XD, MD, CompactFlash, etc) due to a number of features (hot-plug connection, static, moisture, temperature, mechanical stress during transportation , natural wear due to the limited number of read / write cycles) fail relatively often.
And if simple defects like "not detected", "writing errors" are detected relatively easily, then the diagnosis of more complex defects is a very non-trivial task. To solve this problem, the flashnul utility was created.
EzRecover
Utility USB recovery Flash helps when flash is defined as a Security Device, it is not detected at all or shows 0Mb volume.
In order for EzRecovery to see the flash drive, after starting the program and issuing an error message, remove the flash drive and insert it again, and then everything is fine.
U-Storage Tool 2.9
To start Recover Disk, it is necessary that the flash is defined as U-storage controller, and for this you need to install the drivers for the flash from the U-Storage kit.
F-Recovery for CompactFlash
The f_recovery_cf utility allows you to restore deleted photos and movies from CompactFlash cards after formatting or writing errors.
F-Recovery for MemoryStick
The f_recovery_ms utility allows you to recover deleted photos and videos from CompactFlash cards after formatting or recording errors.
F-Recovery for miniSD
The f_recovery_miniSD utility allows you to recover deleted photos and videos from miniSD cards after formatting or recording errors.
F-Recovery for MultiMediaCard
The f_recovery_mmc utility allows you to recover deleted photos and videos from MMC cards after formatting or recording errors.
F-Recovery for SD
The f_recovery_sd utility allows you to recover deleted photos and videos from SD cards after formatting or recording errors.
F-Recovery for SmartMedia
The f_recovery_sm utility allows you to recover deleted photos and videos from SmartMedia cards after formatting or errors.
AH220 LFormat Utility
Handy Steno 2.0 Flash Disk Utility
Handy Steno 2.0 LFormat for Write Protect
Handy Steno 2.0 Repair Tool
Utilitiesforwifi flashApacer
WiFi + 256MB Flash Drive Apacer-Wireless Steno MB112 LFormat Tool
WiFi + 128MB Flash Drive Apacer-Wireless Steno MB112 LFormat Tool
Memory Stick Formatter
The utility is designed to format Memory Stick cards. It helps to return the original volume of the card, and also helps in cases where the computer does not recognize the card. Designed for cards:
"Memory Stick", "MagicGate Memory Stick", "Memory Stick Duo", and "Memory Stick (with Memory Select Function)"
Sony brand "Memory Stick PRO" and "Memory Stick PRO Duo"
iFormat
For USB 1.1 flash drives on iCreate i5062 controller
iFormat
For USB 2.0 flash drives on iCreate i5122 controller
Helps to return the real volume of fake Sony flash drives
PortFree Production Program 3.27
With this utility, you can see the real volume of your flash drive, respectively, find out if you have a fake or not, format it to the real volume.
Seitec
Seitec USB Flash Utility Proprietary utility for Seitec, formatting and error checking.
IOSELL
SecureCell Plus Utility for CellDiskPlus
SecureCell Utility for KeyDisk (Model FCD-8Kb)
- When there are formatting problems
- When the wrong volume is shown
- When there are bad blocks on the flash drive
SecureCell Plus Utility for KeyDisk (Model FCD- (16Kb -256Kb))
- When there are formatting problems
- When the wrong volume is shown
- When there are bad blocks on the flash drive
Transcend
JetFlash 120 mFormat Utility
Transcend's proprietary utility for formatting Jetflash
jet flash recovery tool V1.0.5
Later USB Flash Recovery Utility Transcend
AlcorMP
One of the best programs for repairing Transcend flash drives of the JF family. (Based on Alcor controllers AU). Solves the following problems: The flash drive is not formatted, the presence of bad blocks, incorrect or 0th memory size of the flash drive, locked up for writing or reading, etc.
JetFlash 120 Recovery Tool
A proprietary utility from Transcend for restoring Jetflash.
Solving the problem when formatting Jetflash when the error "No JetFlash found!"
1. You must enable the display of hidden files (folder options - view - show hidden files and folders).
2. Run the mFormat utility.
3. Go to the Temp folder in your directory account(For example: Documents and Settings - Leon - Local Settings - Temp).
4. If everything is done correctly, the JFAPP folder should appear in Temp, in which the JFormat.exe file will be found.
5. By running JFormat.exe we bypass the "No JetFlash found!" message. Transcend's proprietary Jetflash recovery utility.
T.sonic 310
A selection of programs for working with a flash drive (MP3 player). Programs for formatting, data recovery, unlocking and many others are included (Format.exe, LockSev.exe recovery.exe, UDisk98.exe, UDiskNT.exe)
driver.rar
Drivers for transcend flash drives
Format Utility For Adata Flash Disk PD-0.1.2.3.4.5
format.exe
A utility designed to format flash drives, fix errors, etc.
MPTool (UT163 Multi-Devices Production Tool) v3.9.8.0
The utility is intended for repairing flash drives on UT163 controllers from UsBest. Most A-Data flash drives are based on this controller.
SanDisk
Format and Read/Write Check Utility
The utility is designed to format flash SanDisk, checks the device for errors.
Windows 98 Driver (.zip)
Drivers for USB Flash SanDisk under Windows 98
Easy Disk
Driver & Utility
ED717M1, ED801M1, ED722M1
Driver & utility
ED717T, ED801T, ED722T
Driver & utility
ED717M, ED722M
Mformat utility
ED3xSB(used to reformat the USB drive. As usual, two types of formatting are possible - quick and full ("quick" and "full"). After formatting, set password removed)
MiniEasyDisk
UMSD Tool
ED13xTE1
PCLock
ED13xTE1
flashmail
ED13xTE1
SecretZip
ED13xTE1
Panasonic
SD Memory Card Formatting Software
Designed for SD Memory Card
RP-SD008B RP-SD016B RP-SD032 RP-SD032B RP-SD064 RP-SD064B
RP-SD128B RP-SD256B RP-SD512B RP-SDH256 RP-SDH512 RP-SDH01G
RP-SDQ01G RP-SDQ02G RP-SDK512 RP-SDK01G RP-SDK02G RP-SDR256
RP-SDR512 RP-SDR01G RP-SDR02G
miniSD Memory Card
RP-SS008B RP-SS016B RP-SS032B RP-SS064B RP-SS128B RP-SS512B
RP-SS01GB RP-SS02GB
SDHC Memory Card
Traxdata
format.exe
Native utility for formatting flash drives Traxdata, returns the real volume, removes bad blocks.
FORMAT v30112
A proprietary utility for PQI flash drives.
Allows you to format, manage partitions, create hidden and password-protected partitions.
PQI_LowFormat
Utility for low-level formatting flash on PQI controllers
king stone
MXT6208+A MPTool V2.0
Utility for recovering flash drives on the MXTronics MXT6208A controller.
They help Chinese Kingstone flash drives and some Sony fakes.
Phison-Preformat-v1.30
Flash recovery utility for Phison UP10, UP11 series controllers (PS2136 and others). Kingstone flash drives are often built on Phison controllers, so give it a try.
CBM2090E2091 MPTool V1.9.13
Utility for flash drives on Chipsbank CBM2090E and CBM2091 controllers. Such controllers are often found in TakeMS flash drives.
CBM2090E2091 MPTool V1.9.13
A proprietary utility for low-level formatting and flash recovery for OTI controllers.
Supports controllers: 2167, 2166, 2169M, 2165, 2168, 2168B5, 2169SB5, 2189SB3, 2168B6, 2168SB6, 6828, 6128 and others.
Such controllers are usually found in LG and KingMax flash drives. May be from other manufacturers.
We make sure that your flash drive has an OTI controller.
Install the program, connect the flash drive. If not determined, go to the menu Driver> Reinstall. If it is determined, you will see the parameters of the flash and it will have the status "Waiting". Then go to the Tools menu and select the options submenu for your controller. After all the manipulations, select the line with flash and press Enter. The settings will be saved to the controller, if there are no write errors, the status will change to "Pass".
SMI Mass Production Tool
Utility for flash on Silicon Motion controllers.
Supports controllers:
SM321, SM324, SM325.
Such controllers were installed in Corsair, Lg, A-data, Samsung, Super Talent, OCZ ATV, GoodRam flash drives. Therefore, this utility should help them.
advanced, very powerful tool update settings, controllers Flash drives. An update may be needed, for example, if you bought a Chinese Fake (fake) such as Kingston DataTraveler 256GB, the real size of which is only 1.5-2Gb, instead of the declared 256Gb. Visually, it seems that the size corresponds to the declared one, and there are no restrictions on recording to disk, only there is one very big problem. When reading the data and comparing it with the original standard, these data do not match and only zeros are read instead of the recorded information. By the way, the remaining free disk size is calculated correctly, even when trying to write more than two gigabytes.
Using the program is very simple. Let's describe the process step by step.
- unpack the utility to the programs directory (for example: C:\Program Files\FC_MpTool
- before starting it is necessary to remove all Flash disks from the computer
- run the main application file: FC MpTool.exe in the program installation directory
- insert flash drive into USB port
- if successful, something similar to the following window should appear on the screen, in which the main Technical information about Flash disk. Memory chip type, total installed size, manufacturer IDs.
- as you can see from the screenshot, the type of memory chip is TC58NVG4T2ETA00
- programmed capacity 256,000 MB.
IMPORTANT! Before the correction operation, save all your data on another medium, because. after correction, all data will be lost.
If you just need to correct incorrect information,
just press the "Start" button, it's a good idea before that
check the box in front of "Failure Analyze".
The basic settings will be corrected and the Flash disk will be reformatted.
If more is required fine tuning press the Setup button.
At the same time, a password entry window will appear first. This password is put on the dialogue advanced settings. By default, it is not set. empty line. Press enter and you will be taken to the settings dialog. Screenshots of all pages are shown below.
Flash memory type
Mode Flash work memory
Information about the manufacturer and serial number
Defining Bad Type Blocks file system and presence of MBR
Other settings
Using the "Eject" button in the main menu of the program, you can safely eject the media.
PS:
The archive also contains a copy of the h2testw.exe program, which can be downloaded.
it useful utility to determine the real size, by direct testing, the data is written to the Flash drive, then the data is read and compared with the standard. As a result, the actual size of the drive is given, which is determined by the last correctly written byte.
I note that testing a drive even 256GB in size takes a very long time, besides, towards the end, everything can freeze due to incorrect operation of Flash, but this method is universal, and there is no need to figure out what type of microcircuit is installed there and look for documentation on this microcircuit, with in order to find out its real size.
This program can test any media, not just Flash.
In this user guide, I want to introduce you to the basics of repair in a production flasher. In the following, for convenience, I will call it briefly - DYNA MPTool. So here DYNA unlike everyone familiar, is SORTING- a tool that performs a deep analysis of the state of the cells of flash memory chips.
Therefore, apply utilities DYNAMPTool, necessary for SMI- Low quality flash drive. For example, the vast majority USB2.0 company's flash drive segment Silicon power, sewn exclusively in applications DYNA.
Firmware in DYNAMPTool, takes a lot of time, therefore I recommend that you first check if SMIMPTool has enough power to process your flash drive. Instructions for working in it are available at the following link -.
INTRODUCTION
In the article I will use the problematic for SMIMPTool flash drive, that is 4 gig SiliconPower Helios101. The peculiarity of my copy is that with a slight increase in the maximum number of troubles, it is possible to achieve that SMIMPTool stitches it. Only at the output, when checking with the help, the flash drive stably turns out with a small number of bads. And a further increase bad block in the program, does not lead to getting rid of this scourge.
; Excerpt from the program report ChipGenius_v4_00_0201.exe:
Controller Vendor: SMI
Controller Part-Number: SM3257ENAA - ISP 150513-AA0
Flash ID code: 98DE9493 7657 - Toshiba TC58NVG6DDJTA00 - 1CE/Single Channel -> Total Capacity = 8GB
This I described one of the common cases when you have to access the firmware in Dyna Mass Storage Production Tool. There are others, for example, such as an error:
Bad Block over setting (11) (User-YYYY (M) > FW-XXXX (M))
Pay attention to the contents of the brackets, it is when they (User\FW) The stock utility tells you: “Take DYNAMPTool, nothing else will help you guy”!
When we already know which controller is in the flash drive and what we need DUNA, it remains to download the appropriate version of the distribution. To do this, go to .
There we download the latest version of the utility Dyna, in square brackets where you can find our cherished controller SM3257ENAA. At the time of writing, this Dyna Mass Storage Production Tool v14.07.18.02 N0726.
RECOVERY PROCESS
First, let me state that various versions distributions may differ slightly both externally and in the composition of the settings. But this has little effect on the essence of the actions, just approach each step with your head and everything will work out for you.
We unpack the selected distribution kit in a convenient place on the hard drive, it is desirable that the address be short and without muddy characters in the path, for example:
D:\Star_SM3257ENAA_N0726\
Run the main executable SMIMPTool.exe, then connect the USB flash drive to the computer.
If the utility did not recognize the flash drive, then press the button Scan(R).
After successfully recognizing the drive, we need to go to the settings, for this we press the button Setting(S).
As a rule, there is no password for the settings, i.e. leave the field empty. If, however, you still came across a version where a password is required, then it will undoubtedly be indicated on the download page on the site usbdev.
In the settings, we are only interested in the first tab open card config, it makes no sense to contact the rest when restoring flash drives, unless, of course, something was screwed up there.
The arrangement of checkmarks and birds should look approximately the same as shown in the above picture. The main parameters are listed below:
Optimize Options: Capacity (Default)
Enable low level
[v] Enable ECC Threshold (Bits)
[v] Format
[v] FAT32
ECC - we select the value according to the tables, with the recommended values \u200b\u200bthe data in the next article -. If you are too lazy or not in your teeth to understand these incomprehensible letters, then you can put it like this 24
hoping for a Russian chance.
The functionality of DUNA, and therefore the interface, often undergoes significant changes. So for example in the tools for the controller SM3257ENBA, there is no longer manual adjustment ECC, apparently it was tritely abolished. So there we have no way to try our luck with increasing the speed of the carrier by reducing the volume.
Save the settings with the Save button and click on Start(A), to start the flashing process.
Processing time can vary greatly, depending on many factors. So for an 8 gig flash drive, it can be either 10 minutes or 70. For example, lowering the parameter level ECC, can greatly force the approach of the finish line.
NOTES - ERRORS
And now I will tell you about some features and possible troubles on the way to success.
Bad Block over setting 0X11 (Fail)
Tells you that the capacity in the current configuration is not enough for the successful implementation of the flash drive repair process. For example, this happens in the SpeedFirst mode, which, for obvious reasons, is not friendly with DownGrade microcircuits. Those. you need to try to increase the thoroughness of scanning the memory of a flash drive.
ATTEMPT TO INCREASE THE SPEED BY ADJUSTING THE ECC PARAMETER
I want to add a little about ECC because it might be of great interest to you. The fact is that the higher its value, the greater the volume can be obtained at the output, but at a slower speed. So for my particular flash drive, the recommended value is ECC=30. During the experiments it turned out the following:
30ECC = 7800MB capacity and 6.5MB/s write speed;
2ECC = 3900MB capacity and 11.5MB/s write speed;
Let me remind you, if you forgot that the volume declared by the manufacturer is 4GB. Thus, we are faced with the question of what to sacrifice. I think you better answer the question of what you choose between volume and speed.
Depending on the type of memory and its quality, the difference between them can be greatly leveled. Therefore, do not be surprised if on your particular flash drive, the discrepancies are negligible.
You should ask me for advice on treating your flash drives exclusively on the USBDev forum -.
A variety of problems with USB drives or flash drives is something that, probably, every owner of them faces. The computer does not see the flash drive, files are not deleted or written, Windows writes that the disk is write-protected, the amount of memory is displayed incorrectly - this is not a complete list of such problems. Perhaps, if the computer simply does not detect the drive, this guide will also help you: (3 ways to solve the problem). If the flash drive is detected and working, but you need to recover files from it, I recommend that you first read the material.
If various ways fix USB drive errors by manipulating drivers, actions in Windows Disk Management, or using command line(diskpart, format, etc.) did not lead to a positive result, you can try utilities and programs for repairing flash drives provided by both manufacturers, for example, Kingston, Silicon power and Transcend, as well as third-party developers.
On the official website of Silicon Power in the "Support" section, a program for repairing flash drives from this manufacturer is presented - USB Flash Drive Recovery. You will need to enter an address to download. Email(not tested), then the UFD_Recover_Tool ZIP archive is loaded, which contains the SP Recovery Utility (requires the .NET Framework 3.5 components to work, will be loaded automatically if necessary).
Similar to the previous program, SP Flash Drive Recovery requires an Internet connection to work and recovery takes place in several stages - determining the parameters of the USB drive, downloading and unpacking the appropriate utility for it, then - automatic execution necessary actions.
You can download Silicon Power SP Flash Drive Recovery Software for flash drives for free from the official website http://www.silicon-power.com/web/download-USBrecovery
If you are the owner of a Kingston DataTraveler HyperX 3.0 drive, then on the official website of Kingston you can find a repair utility for this line of flash drives, which will help you format the drive and bring it to the state it had when it was purchased.
You can download Kingston Format Utility for free from https://www.kingston.com/ru/support/technical/downloads/111247
ADATA USB Flash Drive Online Recovery
The manufacturer Adata also has its own utility that will help you fix flash drive errors if you cannot read the contents of the flash drive, Windows reports that the disk is not formatted, or you see other errors associated with the drive. To download the program, you will need to enter the serial number of the flash drive (so that exactly what is required is loaded) as in the screenshot below.
After downloading - run the downloaded utility and follow a few simple steps to restore USB work devices.
The official page where you can download ADATA USB Flash Drive Online Recovery and read about using the program - http://www.adata.com/ru/ss/usbdiy/
Apacer Repair Utility, Apacer Flash Drive Repair Tool
Several programs are available for Apacer flash drives at once - different versions Apacer Repair Utility (which, however, cannot be found on the official website), as well as Apacer Flash Drive Repair Tool, available for download at official pages some of the Apacer flash drives (search the official website for your specific USB drive model and check out the downloads section at the bottom of the page).
Apparently, the program performs one of two actions - simple formatting of the drive (Format item) or low-level formatting (Restore item).
Formatter Silicon Power
Formatter Silicon Power is a free low-level formatting utility for flash drives, which, according to reviews (including in the comments to the current article), works for many other drives (but use it at your own peril and risk), allowing you to restore their performance when no other methods do not help.
The utility is no longer available on the official SP website, so you will have to use Google to download it (I do not give links to unofficial locations within this site) and do not forget to check the downloaded file, for example, on VirusTotal before running it.
SD Memory Card Formatter for repairing and formatting SD, SDHC and SDXC memory cards (including Micro SD)
The Association of SD Memory Card Manufacturers offers its own universal utility for formatting appropriate memory cards in case of problems with them. At the same time, judging by the available information, it is compatible with almost all such drives.
The program itself is available in versions for Windows (there is support for Windows 10) and MacOS and is quite easy to use (but you will need a card reader).
You can download SD Memory Card Formatter from the official website https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter/
D-Soft Flash Doctor
Free D-Soft software Flash Doctor is not tied to any particular manufacturer and, judging by the reviews, can help fix problems with a flash drive through low-level formatting.
In addition, the program allows you to create an image of a flash drive for subsequent work no longer on a physical drive (to avoid further malfunctions) - this can be useful if you need to get data from a Flash drive. Unfortunately, the official website of the utility could not be found, but it is available on many resources with free programs.
How to find a program to repair a flash drive
Actually this kind free utilities there are much more to repair flash drives than listed here: I tried to take into account only relatively “universal” tools for USB drives from different manufacturers.
It is possible that none of the above utilities are suitable for restoring the health of your USB drive. In this case, you can use the following steps to find the right program.
Additionally: if all the described ways to repair a USB drive did not help, try.
