More recently, a Moscow firm Energy installation, which specializes in building automation systems, did not develop computer systems for visualization and control of multi-apartment residential buildings based on SCADA, limiting itself to simpler hardware. And in 2004, the customer demanded a modern solution for the automation of a residential building. Came to the rescue SCADA system TRACE MODE.
Two specialists from CJSC Energomotazh independently mastered the development of automation systems in SCADA TRACE MODE and after 3 months in Moscow st. B. Serpukhovskaya, the first automation project was successfully implemented apartment building with underground parking. The ACS is based on 6 Decont 182 controllers manufactured by DEP and covers 
the following equipment:
- Individual heating point;
- Forced ventilation of the house;
- Exhaust ventilation;
- Drainage pumps in the basement of the house;
- Gas control system.
Communication between PTK Decont 182 and SCADA TRACE MODE is carried out via RS-485 interface and OPC server.
In total, the system used:
- 35 analog inputs;
- 40 discrete inputs;
- 6 channels of analog control;
- 8 PWM;
- 40 discrete outputs.
The automation project for an apartment building was implemented on a TRACE MODE professional real-time monitor with 1024 I/O points running under Windows 2000 Professional.
The introduction of a building automation system has reduced the number of accidents, reduced operating costs for equipment maintenance and reduced energy consumption.
The next similar automation project is an apartment building with underground parking on the street. Tolbukhin required even less effort and took only 2 months, with most of the time spent on setting up the equipment.
Currently, two more similar automation projects are under development - a residential building in 2nd lane. Truzhennikov (Moscow) and the office building of GLPU No. 2 of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.
Source: KG Lex
The reform of housing and communal services, which is currently being implemented in Russia, involves increased competition in the housing and communal services market between private management companies. In market conditions, obtaining maximum profit becomes the main goal of a company that manages apartment buildings. At the same time, it must be remembered that the achievement of this goal is possible with an increase in the efficiency of activities and obtaining such advantages that would favorably distinguish your managing organization from competitors. One of the most effective ways to develop competitive advantages is the use of modern information technologies. The use of information technology in the activities of the management company improves the quality of doing business, providing services to consumers, and, therefore, is one of the arguments for the population in favor of choosing your management organization.
Specialists of the consulting group "Lex" have developed a comprehensive information system "KUB: management of residential buildings (UZhD)", which provides automation of the functions of managing a residential building at all stages of organizing this activity.
The KUB: UZhD system is a database consisting of several sections and a set of applications for working with them. All applications of the complex can be conditionally split into the following blocks:
- Block of reference and normative data. Block applications provide input into the system of primary information.
Entering reliable primary information is a very important point, since this procedure will ensure reliable and correct operation of the system in the future. This block includes the following applications:
- Directory of services - used to maintain a list of services provided (or provided) by the management company. Each service is associated with a set of characteristics.
- Types of housing - the application maintains a list of categories of residential facilities that are serviced by the management company. For each type of housing, a set of its characteristics and a list of necessary periodic services are determined.
- Housing - the application keeps records of houses and its objects that are in the service of the managing organization (walls, basements, roofs, etc.). The application allows you to enter meter readings that record the volume of consumed services, as well as plan services related to this type of housing.
- Residents (individuals) - the application keeps records of individuals. Residents are grouped into categories. For each category, a set of characteristics is specified (passport data, marital status, date of birth, etc.), which are offered for filling when assigning a tenant to a particular category. For each tenant, a history of the addresses of his registration (registration) is kept, as well as information about the benefits and subsidies that he uses when paying for services.
- Service accounting block. Applications of this block allow you to take into account the volume of services provided. The block includes the application "Journal of disconnection of services"
- Calculation block. Block applications are used to generate invoices for consumers of services, and fix payments on invoices. The block includes applications:
- Tariffs and services
- Tariff calculation
- Accounts
- Analytical block. Applications of this block allow to obtain general information on invoices for a randomly selected period and to identify debts of consumers of services on invoices. Block applications:
- Account information
- Debtors
Let's take a simple example. Imagine a building with many closed offices inside it. People entering this building can only enter those rooms for which they have a key. Similarly, "CUB: UZhD" consists of several applications, the role of the key in this case is played by the password set for each user. With the help of this "key"-password, each specialist gets access only to those applications that he needs to work.
Thus, several people can work with the software complex at the same time from different workplaces. Different users of the system are responsible for different areas of work. Despite the fact that different specialists use only certain applications, the information system supports the exchange of data between applications. The main requirement for such an organization of work is regular updating of data. The program allows you to do this by pressing one button (due to the fact that all information entered by users is stored on the enterprise server).
The information system "KUB: UZhD" will help you:
- maintain a list of services provided,
- set tariffs for the services provided,
- set methods of payment for the services provided,
- keep records of residential buildings, apartments, basements, roofs, etc., which are under maintenance,
- plan the necessary activities (repairs, landscaping, etc.) and calculate new rates taking into account the planned scope of work,
- keep records of tenants and their benefits for paying utility bills,
- keep track of competitors
- keep records of contracts for the provision of services,
- keep records of actually provided services (outages/underdeliveries),
- generate invoices for services rendered,
- analyze account information (actual payments, debts),
- keep track of debtors.
When using the KUB: UZhD system, each specialist receives a tool that improves the work that he was able to do without this tool. The software product adds to the work the speed of execution, the accuracy of processing, the efficiency of the exchange of management information.
The program interface (that is, the means of communication between the user and the computer) is very simple and convenient. The program window consists of the same elements as the windows of applications familiar to all (for example, MS Word, MS Excel). Work with application windows is also carried out in the usual way: by selecting commands in the horizontal menu or by pressing the icon buttons. In addition, each application of the information system has its own reference materials that will help the user to master the program. Therefore, the use of the information system "KUB: UZhD" does not require significant financial and time costs for personnel training.
"CUB: UZhD" does not impose high requirements on the computer equipment of users, that is, the purchase of expensive equipment is not required to install this system.
Thus, the advantages of the described system are:
- clarity of the logic of using the product, ease of understanding, mastering by personnel, even without special training, the shortest possible training time;
- reliability of system operation;
- the ability to use inexpensive computer technology.
"CUB: UZhD" is a tool with which you can automate routine processes, make information about the state of affairs of the managing organization more transparent, and access to it more prompt.
The main thing that is achieved with the introduction of an integrated information system is the coordination of the work of all specialists and an increase in the flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy of their actions.
"CUB: UZhD" will create completely new opportunities to improve the efficiency of your company.
You can get more complete and detailed information on the operation of the system, its acquisition and installation by contacting the specialists of the Lex consulting group.
Improving the home and making it more comfortable is common to any person. Regardless of whether he lives in a small-sized studio apartment or in a country house with several floors that is surrounded by hectares of a personal plot.
Modern technologies make it possible to create fully automated houses and transfer many functions for managing life support systems to automated devices, and in some cases, fully automate processes when human intervention is not required at all.
What is the difference between home automation and smart home
Many property owners consider any automatic or semi-automatic device that performs the functions of turning on / off a device or consider it an element of a “smart home”. This is far from true. And even the ability to remotely control certain functions using the Internet does not make the house “smart”.
A truly “smart” home is a comprehensive smart automation of the management of the entire complex of life support systems based on artificial intelligence of a computerized control system and operating in a completely autonomous mode. Human intervention in the work is required only in emergency situations or in the programming process.
Therefore, numerous installers of home automation elements do not always objectively and reliably convey the meaning of innovations to a potential user-customer.
It is not always explained that the vast majority of household appliances included in the "smart home" do not need automation, since they already have built-in functions:
- Refrigerators are fully automatic appliances that operate according to a rigid program;
- Air conditioners do not require outside intervention to maintain the set temperature;
- Washing machines have a delayed start timer;
- Lighting on / off systems are easily controlled by relays with photodiodes that react to the level of illumination and so sorry.
The creation of specialized channels for managing life support systems - the actual "smart home" is necessary only in cases where the living quarters operate in a completely autonomous mode. These include country houses (cottages), where the only boon of civilization is the access road.
It is in them that you can fully realize all the advantages of remote control and monitoring.
Apartment automation
An apartment in an MKD is just a cell included in the well-functioning system of the building's public utilities. It rarely needs the full operation of smart home automation equipment. The owner does not need to take care of heating, lighting, ventilation. The water supply system, in general, lies beyond the possibility of influencing its availability in any way. In the event that the hot water supply is turned off for the period of preventive repairs, those who have the financial means install storage or flow-through boilers that operate automatically and do not need outside control.
Any arbitrary do-it-yourself interference in the work of general house life support networks is not at all welcomed by management companies. Therefore, it is possible to implement the concept of "smart home" in an apartment building on a very limited scale:
- Install several remotely controlled outlets to which to connect devices, turn on / off the lighting with a timer or an antediluvian iron that does not have a shutdown relay in case of overheating or time or other non-automatic electrical appliance.
- Forcibly intervene in the operation of the automation of the air conditioner or electric underfloor heating by completely turning them off, or, on the contrary, turning them on.
- Automate the closing/opening of curtains or blinds on windows.
- Turn on/off the audiovisual monitoring system.
Therefore, when choosing components for home (apartment) equipment, remember that the vast majority of Chinese-made gadgets are prohibited for sale in the Russian Federation, and their possession is a criminal offense.
The security and fire alarm system is usually not included in the list of smart home elements, since they work regardless of the owner’s desire, being on. And when they are turned off, they lose any meaning.
Private home automation
Most country houses are built within the allocated plots for individual housing construction and, according to the improvement requirements, have a supply of electrical and gas networks. Some settlements are more comfortable and have central water supply and sewerage complexes.
All this facilitates the maintenance of suburban real estate, without completely freeing up the care of maintaining comfortable conditions inside and outside the premises.
A private house can be fully equipped with an intelligent control system based on the "smart home" concept.
Even at the design stage, automation elements related to:
- With power supply (from an autonomous power generator).
- Temperature control by controlling the gas/oil boiler.
- Management of the water supply system (for well / well water supply).
- Air temperature control system in various premises (residential, utility, utility).
- Control system for indoor and outdoor lighting of a personal plot.
- Management of the irrigation and feeding system for farm animals.
- A system of visual control inside and outside the premises and a review of the local area.
- It is possible to implement an emergency shutdown of gas supply and power supply systems in case of emergencies.
For some owners who are away from home most of the time, smart home is a home automation system that is a must.
Choosing a smart home control system
Modern systems allow you to control electrical appliances connected to the control module: sensors, thermostats, electrovalves using wireless technologies. It is not required to lay wires and cables inside the walls or skirting boards of the room, ditch the walls and break existing communications or finishes.
The most common is the way of control over a Wi-Fi channel. The inconvenience lies in the fact that this function is designed to transmit significant amounts of information and is not adapted for most smart home devices that work with short commands: “on / off”, “add / decrease”, “up / down”, etc. . P.
- Z-Wave- a specialized protocol for managing "smart home" operating at a frequency of 869 MHz and having high security from extraneous influences and interference.
- Zigbee- a similar specialized protocol, specially designed for the operation of devices in the smart home kit, but using a different frequency of 2400-2485 MHz.
Until now, the wide automation of residential buildings in the Russian Federation is stalling due to high prices for equipment and installation, adjustment and maintenance of equipment. After all, it should work around the clock 24 hours a week without any failures. Otherwise, faulty smart home equipment can itself become a source of emergency - fire, flooding of the premises, defrosting of heating systems.
First of all, the economic effect of the introduction of automation systems is calculated. In order to roughly assess the effectiveness and payback period of investments, it would be useful to re-read the instructions for the electrical appliances available in the house. Most owners use only the basic, most common functions, without bothering to program the full functionality of the TV, air conditioner or water heater.
It is quite possible that the “new” opportunities that seem to you that will open up after installing the “smart home” system have already been incorporated and implemented in the technology you have, and at a higher level than “on / off” or “add / subtract”.
Calculate whether the ability to remotely control the air temperature in different rooms is so critical? This function pays off only for the owners of country houses, when during the absence of the owners the temperature drops to an acceptable minimum, and by the time the owners arrive it rises to a comfortable residential.
Most of the functions implemented in the "smart home" are interesting only for the first time after their installation. The possibility of remote visual control satisfies only the curiosity of the owner of the premises, in no way hindering the actions of intruders who entered the house. A centralized security system is much more effective. Using the automatic opening/closing function of the curtains in the bedroom or the ability to adjust the volume of music in the next room is so dubious that only true fans of continuous communication with a mobile device may be of interest, instead of a physical movement of the hand.
Probably because the functionality offered within the smart home is small and irrelevant for most, home automation is not very popular.
Description:
When transferring houses to the self-government of citizens, it is necessary to create prerequisites for the organization of professional management of a residential building. This refers to the operation of an apartment building, and outreach work directly with residents, and contractual work with service and resource providers.
Dispatching of an apartment building
Resource accounting subsystem. General house heat metering unit
The Unified Information and Settlement Center checks the files for compliance with the established formats and uploads them to the software module of the “Automated Control System for the Activities of the Unified Information and Settlement Center” (APCS EIRC).
The software module "Calculation of volumes" requests additional data that is necessary for calculating the volumes of consumption by end subscribers: individuals and legal entities from other software modules of the ACS EIRC - "Software module for settlements with individuals" and "Software module for settlements with legal entities". Monthly calculation of consumption volumes by end users is carried out according to algorithms developed on the basis of a methodology for distributing volumes and costs of cold and hot water and sanitation services between subscribers and consumers based on meter readings.
The calculated volumes of services consumed during the billing period are uploaded to personal accounts in the software modules of the ACS EIRC "Settlements with individuals" and "Settlements with legal entities", where accruals are generated and payment documents are printed according to the volumes actually consumed.
In accordance with the Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 983-PP dated 06.12.2005, water consumption standards were approved in m 3 per 1 person per month. In residential buildings equipped with water supply, sewerage, baths with central hot water supply, the water consumption standard is 11.68 m 3, i.e. 384 l / day, including cold water - 6.935 m 3 (230 l / day) and hot water - 4.745 m 3 (154 l / day).
An analysis of water consumption (Fig. 7) shows that the consumption of cold water in 18 apartments (41%) per day does not exceed 100 liters, in 17 apartments (50%) the daily water consumption ranges from 100 to 230 liters. In 3 apartments (9%), daily water consumption exceeds the standard.
As a result of the inspection, it was found that in three apartments the owners are not registered, however, the apartment meter shows the water consumption. When calculating according to the indications of a common house meter, this situation could become problematic, since non-resident owners are not charged for water.
In an uninhabited apartment, the meter showed the flow of water, which allowed the management company to timely establish and eliminate the leak.
On the fact of a significant overspending, an inspection was carried out, which established that 1 person was registered in a separate apartment, and actually 4 people live.
On fig. 8. The structure of hot water consumption according to the indications of apartment meters is presented. Hot water consumption in 14 apartments (32%) does not exceed 100 l/day, in 13 apartments (36%) - water consumption varies from 100 to 154 l/day. In 11 apartments (32%), daily water consumption exceeds the standard. During the inspection, it was found that the temperature of the hot water supplied to residents did not meet the standard.
When organizing settlements according to the readings of apartment metering devices, the most difficult is the one-time taking of readings and their transfer to a single information and settlement center for the formation of a single payment document. Only modern electronics can cope with this task. Thus, the management company has approached the third stage - equipping a residential building with an automated resource accounting system (ARMS). The system is designed for automated readings, monitoring current readings of temperature, pressure, and the amount of resources provided.
In 2006, the residential building was equipped with the following systems:
– dispatching of elevators (functions of control and management);
– recording of negotiations in the archive in compressed MP3 format;
– burglar alarms for machine rooms of elevators, attics, basements, service rooms;
– fire alarm of technical premises;
– video surveillance of the entrance areas, entrances, elevator cabins, as well as entrances to the technical premises of the house;
- a system for monitoring and accounting for the access of maintenance personnel to the machine rooms of elevators;
- control and management of lighting in manual and automatic modes;
– basement flooding control;
– monitoring of parameters of heat supply at home;
– a system of commercial apartment-by-apartment metering of water and electricity consumption;
– a system for commercial metering of household water and heat consumption with the formation of monthly reports based on the archived data of the heat meter;
- monitoring the parameters of the power supply at home;
– a system for commercial accounting of household electricity consumption with the formation of monthly reports;
– system of storage of passport information.
The intelligent system is a multi-level hardware and software complex that includes general house equipment for collecting data from all engineering systems of the house, data transmission networks, means of storing and processing the information received, and an automated dispatcher workstation.
- idle time of elevators;
- the efficiency of the work of dispatchers;
– speed of troubleshooting by operating organizations;
– daily and monthly dynamics of equipment failures;
– daily and monthly dynamics of unauthorized penetrations;
- the quality of heat, water, electricity supply to the housing stock.
Additional equipment of a residential building at 22 Denisovsky pereulok with six transmitting television cameras, nine automatic detectors, blocks of billed meters and elevator dispatch control, emergency communication devices, etc., makes it possible to successfully solve the following tasks:
– ensuring the safety of residents, quick response to events of a criminal nature, control over the state of improvement facilities, removal of solid waste, compliance with the environmental regime, the frequency and quality of cleaning the territory and premises;
- protection against unauthorized entry into the building's life support facilities, control over the implementation of scheduled inspections of the building and requests from residents, the fact of routine maintenance, the working hours of teams;
- prompt response in case of emergency and emergency situations, including the detection of increased gas contamination;
– remote information retrieval, accumulation of an archive in a database up to 10 years, the ability to analyze consumption, the possibility of multi-tariff calculations, automation of calculations in the EIRC;
- control of the operation of metering units, technical and quality parameters, uninterrupted supply of resources, determination of real consumption, leaks and excess consumption of resources;
– control of lighting and other power equipment in common areas;
– optimizing the operation of the elevator economy, preventing vandalism, increasing the efficiency of the technical service;
– formation of information and analytical base on the structure.
The management company SUE "DEZ Basmanny District" noted the positive results of the implementation of measures implemented in a residential building at Denisovsky lane, 22: monitoring the state of the internal engineering communications of the building, equipment, adjacent territory, promptly informing about exceeding the standards in the operation of life support systems, the possibility prevention of emergencies, current monitoring of the performance of operational work, control and regulation of energy consumption, creation of a transparent payment scheme for consumed resources, optimization of work at the request of residents, establishing feedback with residents.
Thus, when implementing targeted security programs, creating a security video surveillance system, accounting for resources and paying for utilities, a basis has been created for organizing effective management of the housing stock and developing dispatching systems.
In order to create software that will optimize the work of housing and communal services, all programming languages are used. All software is divided into two groups: software products and software for local use. In the case of software for local use, housing and communal services issues are resolved at the enterprise where the specialists who created it work. The second group is not intended for sale. At the heart of many systems there is a set of tools that allow you to speed up the creation process, as well as the ability to maintain the system on site. In this case, the presence of a programmer is not required. Perhaps the most popular platform is 1C.
To date, automation of the management of an apartment building is of great importance. For automation, you can implement a system 1C:VDGB: Accounting in the management companies of housing and communal services, HOA and housing cooperatives 8. It is intended for use in DEZs, housing cooperatives, HOA, as well as managers and other organizations that calculate various utilities, as well as passport accounting. This system is an effective tool that helps to make management decisions with the help of universal and specialized reports that provide transparency of the entire accounting process, as well as reduce labor intensity due to the automation of basic operations. The program can be used both for a small partnership of owners, and for a fairly large management company.
Any modern organization will sooner or later need to put documents in order. Otherwise, problems start after a while. For example, at the right time, the necessary documents may simply not be found. Document files can be hosted on the server. This will make it easier to find them. In addition, e-mail can be used if it is necessary to transfer any document. In this case, it is necessary to introduce electronic document management.
At present, there are a number of electronic document management systems. It is only necessary to choose the one that is suitable in each case. First of all, an important point is the economic efficiency of electronic document management. If the system is chosen in the right way, then the costs are reduced. Of course, without a certain kind of problems can not do. When introducing electronic document management, there is usually no desire to learn from employees and managers. Some managers are simply afraid to work with a computer.
Perhaps one of the main issues that arise, including in the HOA, is the debt for utilities. In this case, it is necessary to work with debtors for employees of the HOA, moreover, systematically and systematically. The efficiency of work in this case can be improved thanks to the developed software. A program usually consists of several applications that perform different functions. To facilitate the work of HOA employees with debtors, a sufficient set of tools is provided in the application.
Accounting in the HOA
There are a number of characteristic features of accounting in the HOA. First of all, this includes numerous personal accounts, since a fairly large amount of information needs to be controlled for one apartment. This includes the technical characteristics of the apartment, its address, information about its owners, as well as a list of services that are provided, benefits, and much more. Further, we note that the HOA is an intermediary between the utility provider and residents. This indicates a careful attitude to what amount was collected from the residents and the amount that was transferred to the account of the service provider. In fact, there are more such points and all this is monitored by one person. An accountant working in a large house had to do a lot of work. All this resulted in the automation of accounting.
With regard to automation, today the following areas can be distinguished:
- Software for accounting, as well as for calculating the payment of housing;
- programs designed only to pay for housing;
- programs to address a narrow range of issues.
In relation to the first two directions, it should be noted that such software makes it possible to carry out accounting and accrual of utilities. This greatly facilitates the work of the accountant, and the probability of error is minimized. Software developers offer the same set of features.
Thanks to the use of new software that improves the efficiency of the HOA, time costs are reduced, as well as the costs of various resources. This will have a positive impact on the formation of trusting relationships between control bodies and consumers of services.
Articles about control automation- Ways to solve the problems of introducing information technologies in housing and communal services
