Depending on which connection type is selected, the order in which components and protocols are configured is determined. Telephone connections usually use the PPP or SLIP protocol. If this is a broadband connection, then PPPoE is used. If it is a VPN, then PPTP and L2TP.

PPP – is used to connect via telephone lines to those servers that are running Windows OS.
Telephone:

SLIP – is used when the connection is made using telephone lines to those servers that are managed using UNIX.
Broadband:

PPPoE – used for broadband connections over Ethernet. Point-to-point connection type.
VPN:

Selected automatically - used in the case when it is necessary to automatically determine which VPN protocol, as well as install it using a vertical tunnel.

PPTP VPN – installs PPTP VPN for VPN. This is essentially an extension of the PPP protocol.

IPSec VPN is an extension of PPTP. But it already provides a new level of security.

If desired, the user can change the network connection parameters.

1. Double-click on the Internet Options icon, which is located on the Toolbar. After this, a dialog box called Properties: Internet will open, where you must switch to Connections.

2. You must select the connection you need from the list called Remote Access Settings and click on the Settings button.

3. The Options dialog box opens. In this window, click Properties. The Properties dialog box will open.

4. On the tab called Network:
- you must select a protocol called Type of remote access server to connect.
- In the list called Components used by the same connection, you need to flag those that are necessary and, accordingly, remove those that are not needed.
If one of the network components is not available, but at the same time is required for the connection being created, you must try to install it using the Install button. After you have decided on the type of component, you need to click Add and select the component you are interested in from the list.

5. The OS has set that DHCP will be used by default. This protocol is used to automatically configure network parameters, which include IP, mask, gateway, WINS and DNS. If you use a static IP address, then to set it you need to go to Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.

Internet 35% (Wi-Fi)

Internet- this is the best invention of mankind, it unites more 35% population of the Earth, and also opens up unlimited opportunities for learning, work, recreation and communication. It appears on your computer using a network adapter that has wireless (Wi-Fi) or wired interface. In this article I will talk about setting up an adapter to connect to the network.

There are several types of Internet connection:

1. Telephone line
2. DSL, cable or wiring
3. Mobile communications (2G,3G,4G - LTE)
4. Optical fiber
5. Satellite Internet

Each of them has its own specific features, but the computer is most often connected using a conventional twisted pair - RJ-45 cable, or using WiFi connections to the router (which, in turn, also works via twisted pair or USB modem).

Setup. Since most users use Windows 7, I will use it as an example.

To do this we go to Control Panel-> Network and Internet -> Network and Sharing Center, then select from the menu on the left Changing adapter settings.

Here you can see a list of all computer adapters and their connection status, including Bluetooth adapters, as well as virtual adapters like Hamachi.

Normal connection via twisted pair (without routers, modems)

Twisted pair cable - RJ-45 - 8P8C

There are also 2 options: You need to set up a connection and connect every time, or your provider supports DHCP technology and you just need to plug the cable into the connector.

Depending on your option, you need to configure the adapter correctly.

Option 1

Go to the list of adapters. Select the one you need (Local Area Connection...) and right-click on it (RMB), select here Properties. In the list that opens, select the component Internet Protocol Version 4 and press the button Properties. Here you need to enter the settings issued by your operator.

Option 2

The operation is similar to Option 1, only in the protocol properties you need to check the boxes Obtain an IP address automatically, Obtain a DNS server address automatically.

Connecting using a router

Typically a router has 5 connectors( 4 LAN and 1 WAN). You connect the cable from the Internet to the WAN port (it is separate from the others), and then use a second cable/Wi-Fi adapter to connect the router and computer. After that (See Option 2 in twisted pair connection) These settings are set by default in the Wi-Fi adapter.

To further configure the Internet, you go to the local address of the router( 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 - default) and perform the necessary actions.

How to set up an Asus router You can read in this article -

I won’t describe the other types; you can ask all questions in the comments.

Now in more detail about the adapter settings

To see these settings, you need to go to the list of adapters, right-click on the desired adapter, select Properties, then under the line with the full name of the adapter, click the button Tune. Go to the tab here Additionally.

Basically, the properties are the same for all adapters, but there are still slight differences.

I will tell you with an example D-Link DGE-560T.

Below there will be a table indicating the property name and its description.

Property name	Description	Values
ARP Offload - ARP Offload	The function allows you not to turn on the adapter to respond to an ARP request (determining the MAC address by IP)	Disable - the function is disabled.
Auto Disable Gigabit(Powersaving) - Automatic shutdown of 1 Gbps speed	Power saving function - disables gigabit speed when reconnecting the cable.	Disable - the function is disabled. Re-Link, Battery - shutdown when running on battery power. Re-Link, Battery or AC - always disabled.
Energy Efficient Ethernet - Energy efficient internet		Disable - the function is disabled.
Flow Control -Flow control	A special technology for slowing down the data flow if the adapter has not had time to process the previous information. Increases network performance.	Disable - the function is disabled.
Green Ethernet -Green internet	Reducing adapter power consumption.	Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - energy saving is enabled.
Interrupt Moderation -Interrupt coordination	A technology that allows a thread to be interrupted for processing only once instead of several times. Reduces CPU load.	Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - control enabled flow.
IPv4 Checksum Offload -IPv4 Offload Checksum	If the option is enabled, the adapter itself performs the calculation of the file checksum when sending (Tx) and receiving (Rx). Reduces CPU load.	Disable - the function is disabled. Rx Enabled - the function is enabled to receive files. Tx Enabled - the function is enabled for sending files. Rx & Tx Enabled - the function is enabled for sending and receiving files.
Jumbo Frame -Big frame	This setting increases the standard frame size of transmitted data. Improves network performance when large frames make up the majority of traffic.	Disable - the function is disabled. Standard value. xKB MTU - feature enabled, where X is the length of the large frame in KB.
Large Send Offload v2 (IPv4) -Large Send Offload (IPv4)	Enables the data packet fragmentation feature. Fragmentation occurs due to the adapter. Network performance increases and CPU load decreases.	Disable - the function is disabled.
Large Send Offload v2 (IPv6) -Large Send Offload (IPv6)	Everything is the same, only for the IPv6 protocol.	Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - fragmentation is enabled.
Network Address -Network address	Allows you to change the virtual MAC address of the device; the hardware (physical) MAC address does not change.	Absent - function disabled. Value - you must enter the desired MAC address.
NS Offload -NS unloading	The function allows you not to turn on the adapter to respond to an NS request (neighbor discovery protocol).	Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - the adapter is not enabled to respond to the request.
Priority & VLAN -Priority and VLAN	In addition to basic information, it adds packet priority information and a VLAN identifier to the Ethernet frame.	Disable - disables hardware VLAN tagging. Enable - allows hardware VLAN tagging.
Receive Buffers -Receive Buffers	This property specifies the number of memory buffers when the adapter receives any information. Increasing the value increases adapter performance, but also increases system memory consumption.	You can set values ​​from 1 to... (Depending on the adapter. I have up to 512).
Receive Side Scaling(RSS) -Getting side scaling	A load balancing mechanism in which TCP packets can be distributed across multiple CPU cores.	Disable - disables RSS. Enable - allows RSS.
Shutdown Wake-On-Lan(WOL) -Turning on via local network after disconnecting	Allows or disables the function of turning on a computer over a network via an adapter.	Disable - prohibits WOL. Enable - allows WOL.
Speed ​​& Duplex -Speed ​​and duplex	Allows you to set the desired connection speed and parallel data reception/transmission mode. Duplex- the device simultaneously receives and transmits information. Half duplex- the device either transmits or receives information.	Auto Negotiation - auto-negotiation with a network device. 10/100Mbps/Half/Full Duplex, 1.0 Gbps/Full Duplex - Operating modes.
TCP Checksum Offload (IPv4) -TCP Offload Checksum (IPv4)		Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - fragmentation is enabled.
TCP Checksum Offload (IPv6) -TCP Offload Checksum (IPv6)	Allows the adapter to verify the checksum for TCP packets. Increases network performance and reduces CPU load.	Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - fragmentation is enabled.
Transmit Buffers -Transmission Buffers	This property specifies the number of memory buffers when the adapter transmits any information. Increasing the value increases adapter performance, but also increases system memory consumption.	You can set values ​​from 1 to... (Depending on the adapter. I have up to 128).
UDP Checksum Offload (IPv4) -UDP Offload Checksum (IPv4)		Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - fragmentation is enabled.
UDP Checksum Offload (IPv6) -UDP Offload Checksum (IPv6)	Allows the adapter to check the checksum for UDP packets. Increases network performance and reduces CPU load.	Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - fragmentation is enabled.
Wake on Magic Packet		Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - the function is enabled.
Wake on pattern match	Additional Wake-On-Lan setup	Disable - the function is disabled. Enable - the function is enabled.
WOL & Shutdown Link Speed ​​-Speed ​​when turned on via local network after disconnecting	Determines the initial speed of the Wake-On-Lan connection	10Mbps First, 100Mbps First - sets the initial speed to 10/100 Mbps

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General notes. All operations are considered for the Windows XP OS environment with Service Pack 1 installed. In this text, when describing the procedure for selecting interface objects, it is assumed that the mouse cursor is placed on the specified object and a single click is performed with the left mouse button (pre-configured for right-handed users). All other cases of impact on interface elements will be discussed separately. Important! To perform some network settings, the user must have domain administrator (system administrator) rights.

Configuring connection settings

To connect your computer to a local network, you need to install a network adapter and install the necessary drivers. This procedure is described in section 2.2 "Input and Output Devices". Next, you need to configure the network adapter to work on the local network. The minimum setup is to specify the parameters of the user's computer's IP address. The easiest way is to use a DHCP server. IP address settings are configured in the connection properties window.

In order to open the properties window for a local network connection, select “Connection” from the “Start” menu and left-click on the “Display all connections” line. In the “Network Connections” window that opens (Fig. 22), right-click on the connection that needs to be configured and select “Properties” in the context menu that appears. The properties window that opens (Fig. 23) indicates which network equipment is used for this connection and what software it needs to perform tasks solved by the user. In the specified window, when you click the “Settings” button, you are provided with options for configuring the network adapter, similar to those discussed in section 2.2 “Input and output devices”. The Component Descriptions section lists the software components installed for this network adapter.

"Client for Microsoft Networks" allows a user working on a local computer to access network resources (subject to access rights). "File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks", on the contrary, provides the opportunity for other network users to work with the resources of your computer. If there are no computers running other operating systems on the local network to which your computer is connected, this is quite enough. Typically, these components are installed and configured automatically by Windows XP.

The TCP/IP protocol is also installed automatically, but requires configuration in accordance with the rules adopted in a particular local network. To configure the TCP/IP protocol, you must select the appropriate line in the components section and click the "Properties" button. In the protocol properties window that opens (Fig. 23), with the DHCP service running, you must set the switch to the “Obtain an IP address automatically” position.

For more stable and faster network operation, it is advisable to refuse to automatically obtain the DNS server address and set the addresses manually. Before setting addresses, you must obtain their values ​​from your network administrator. If this computer is part of another network, the parameters of its “membership” in this network are configured on the “Alternate Configuration” tab. Additional protocol settings can be seen by clicking on the "Advanced" button. In the window that opens, the “IP Settings”, “DNS” and “WINS” tabs show the corresponding settings. WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) provides a dynamic, replicated database service that can register and resolve NetBIOS names used on a network to IP addresses. The settings tab allows you to set control over the network traffic (exchange) of this computer.

TCP/IP protocol settings can be configured manually. To do this, you need to find out from your system administrator the IP address allocated to your computer, set the switch to the “Use the following IP address” position and specify its value manually, and then click the “OK” button. After setting the IP address, the computer will require a reboot.

To view the status of a network connection, you need to right-click on the connection of interest in the "Network Connections" window and select "Status" from the context menu. The "General" tab indicates the duration of the connection since the last OS boot, the connection speed and the number of processed packets. Clicking the "Properties" button opens the properties window described above; the "Disconnect" button stops the functioning of this connection, but does not destroy its settings.

By clicking on the "Details" tab, you can reinitialize the connection by clicking the "Fix" button and view some TCP/IP addressing parameters. You can see them in more detail by clicking the "Details" button. The "Network connection details" window (Fig. 24) displays the MAC address of the network adapter (physical address) and network service configuration details.

Today, more than ever, network connections play one of the most significant roles in the computing world. This is explained quite simply: in this way you can not only combine several computer terminals into a single local network, but also gain access to the World Wide Web.

Windows 7 Network Connections: Basic Types

First of all, you need to clearly understand the essence of connections of this kind. Their creation and configuration in the Windows 7 operating system, although it has much in common with previous versions of the OS of the entire family, nevertheless contains some specific issues related to the protocols used.

It’s worth noting right away that Windows 7 network connections are presented in an expanded form. So, for example, this could be the usual creation of a home or corporate network, a wireless or telephone connection, a connection to a workplace, the use of computer-to-computer connections, etc.

But in this case, we will assume that we have a high-speed connection to VPN networks or a leased line, because telephone connections are practically not used today.

Creating a new connection

The process for creating connections of any type is standard for all systems. Windows network connections can be found in the standard Control Panel. For example, for Windows 7 they are located in the Network and Sharing Center.

At the initial stage, you need to use the “Set up a new connection or network” menu, and then select the most suitable option from the list that appears. After going through a few simple steps, the user will receive the creation of a new connection. However, the matter does not end there. Now you need to configure the basic parameters, without which the existing connection will not work.

Setting up a network connection

In general, the setup is done using the data that the provider sets. We will assume that we already have some kind of network. Network connections are configured using special TCP/IP protocols (in Windows 7 - IPv4 and IPv6). It doesn’t matter whether you use a local or wireless network connection, or select a home group, you need to take into account that the IPv6 protocol is not currently used. Network connections are based on the IPv4 protocol. Why is IPv6 needed? Apparently, the developers, by including it in the list of settings, were, so to speak, proactive.

As for the basic settings, they are called up by right-clicking from the “Local Area Connection” section (or the list of networks in the “Changing adapter settings” menu), where the “Properties” item is selected. Now you need to select the IPv4 protocol and go to its properties.

Ideally, the user does not need to configure anything. In the case of network connections via LAN, all parameters are assigned automatically. That is, the parameters for automatically obtaining an IP address and DNS server address are involved here.

Otherwise, all values ​​will need to be entered manually using the data provided by the provider. The main parameters here are the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, address of the preferred and alternative DNS server, etc. Sometimes network connections require specifying additional parameters such as WINS server values. Having set all the values, all that remains is to save the configuration changes.

Wireless connection

With wireless networks the situation is much simpler. Network connections of this type require at the initial stage to correctly configure the router (say, a router or an ADSL modem), after which the Wi-Fi module installed in the system (or sometimes Bluetooth) will automatically detect VPN virtual private networks that can be accessed.

As a rule, almost all networks are secure, as evidenced by the padlock icon on the network icon. Now you just need to enter your password and access will be granted automatically.

Troubleshooting

Sometimes network connections may fail or simply not appear in the list. There can be a lot of reasons for this.

First of all, for example, for Wi-Fi networks you just need to update the list; for local networks, after setting the basic parameters, you may need to restart the computer terminal.

If this doesn't help, you can use troubleshooting tools. In the Network and Sharing Center, this is, as is already clear, the Troubleshooting section. Sometimes the problem may persist. In this case, it may very well be that it is connected specifically with the provider. So you just need to contact the appropriate support service.

Conclusion

In principle, as is already clear, there is nothing particularly difficult in creating or setting up network connections. The main thing here is to decide on two key points: to correctly select the type of network to which you intend to connect, and to correctly specify all the necessary settings. The computer system will do the rest itself.

Of course, sometimes you may need tools to test your network connection, but here you can rely on Windows diagnostics or use third-party programs to determine a fix for any problem. For example, today there are quite a lot of software packages for identifying the reasons for the inoperability of Wi-Fi networks and even for selecting passwords for them. On the other hand, you can also find many applications for diagnosing local networks and terminals connected to them. In general, the choice is so wide that a way out can almost always be found.

Good afternoon, Friends! I am very pleased to welcome you to our educational Internet portal https://site. We continue our conversation about setting up a home network. The topic is broad, but interesting and very important.

Today we will engage in network education or network settings. In order to be able to set up a home network yourself, you need to gain a minimum understanding of how a local area network works.

We will talk about the terminology of local networks, setting up network adapters, and also take a detailed look at connecting two or more computers to a network.

Let's look at the network connection settings:

1. For Windows XP: Go to the “Start” menu -> “Control Panel” -> “Network Connections”. If your computer has a network card, a network connection icon will appear in the window that opens. Right-click on it and select “Properties” from the menu that opens.

2. For Windows 7: Go to the “Start” menu -> “Control Panel” -> “Network and Internet” -> in the first item “Network and Sharing Center” select the sub-item “View network status and tasks” –> click on the “Local Area Connection” link and then the “Properties” button.

In the list box that appears, select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (version 4, if specified)” and click on the “Properties” button.

A window will open in which the main ones will be displayed.

adapter network settings

– a certain formal designation of your computer in the global or local information space. Most likely, the network we create will operate using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

A protocol is a set of standard algorithms and rules in accordance with which data is exchanged on a network.

In accordance with the operation of the TCP/IP protocol, each network device is assigned a unique IP address. It consists of 32 bits (or 4 bytes), which are written as four decimal numbers in the range 0-255, separated by dots, for example: 192.168.0.10.

Please note that addresses 0.0.0.0, 127.0.0.1 and addresses ending in 0 and 255 are reserved for service purposes and cannot be assigned to network devices.

When setting up an Internet connection, pay attention to the IP address input field: if your provider has provided you with an IP address, then enter it in the appropriate field, but if it was not provided to you, then simply select “Obtain an IP address automatically.

2. Subnet mask. As a rule, a large network is divided into subnets, each of which is assigned its own unique address, like a separate computer. The full IP address, which we discussed above, contains information about both the address of a specific host and the subnet address.

To separate these sections from one IP address, you need to know the subnet mask. It also consists of 32 bits and takes the value 0 or 1. If you superimpose a subnet mask on an IP address, then the numbers under the ones will mean the subnet address, and under the zeros the address of a specific node. The subnet mask is written the same way as an IP address, four numbers separated by dots, for example: 255.255.255.0.

For reference, computers can only be connected to a network without the help of a router if they are on the same subnet (or have the same subnet address). If the subnet addresses differ by at least one, then information will not be transferred between them.

3. Types of IP addresses and default gateway. As you already understand, the number of unique IP addresses on the Internet is limited, and the number of computers wishing to access the World Wide Web is growing every day. It was decided to divide the addresses into private and public.

• Public IP addresses can be connected to the Internet directly. They are visible to every computer on the Internet. To get a public IP address, you need to pay money. Pleasure is not cheap. As a rule, such addresses are distributed to providers and dedicated servers, and sometimes to clients.
• Private IP addresses are addresses that are not visible from the Internet. They are assigned to computers located on subnets connected to the Internet through a router. A router is a device that connects two subnets: local and global (Internet), and therefore has at least two network ports (IP addresses): public (for connecting to the Internet) and private (for working within the local network). Because Since subnets do not interact with each other, the same addresses can be repeated many times in different subnets.

To create a home network, it is best to use private IP addresses. A common option is to use an address like 192.168.x.x, where x is a number from 0 to 254.

4. DNS servers. We looked at what an IP address is. But everyone will probably agree that it is difficult to remember so many numbers. Which is easier to remember: 94.100.191.204 or mail.ru? Of course, it is easier to remember the letter address of the site (domain name). To replace IP addresses with understandable nominal values, special servers were invented - DNS servers. If the IP address changes, the DNS server is immediately informed about this, and your access to the site remains under the same domain name.

To set up Internet access, you must specify the IP address of the DNS server (usually it is issued by your provider or is assigned automatically). If this is not done (or the DNS server stops working), then to access sites you will have to specify their IP addresses.

home network for two

If you need to quickly connect two computers to a network (for example, to transfer information, create a backup copy, or just to play), then it is not at all necessary to buy a router or switch. We will consider two connection options:

I will not consider setting up wireless access in this article. We will dwell on this option later, when considering the settings of routers.

Having selected the type of cable connection, you can proceed to the network adapter settings.

First of all, make sure that the computers are in the same workgroup, in the same address range and with different network names. Let's see how it's done:

Next, you need to set IP addresses and a subnet mask (the subnet mask is set automatically when the IP address is specified) for each computer. We discussed how to choose IP addresses above. Let's see how the IP address is configured:

If you connect several computers to a network using a switch (network switch), then repeat the above settings on each computer on the network.

network troubleshooting

1. The first thing you should pay attention to when troubleshooting a network is whether the network connection is established. Those. is there a physical connection between the computers (are the network cables connected to the network adapters and network devices such as a router, is the Wi-Fi wireless adapter turned on, for example on laptops it is turned off with a special key combination). It is also necessary to determine whether the network adapter is working properly. As a rule, sometimes it is enough to see if the yellow-orange diodes of the network connector blink when the cable is connected.

2. It is necessary to check that IP addresses are not repeated in this subnet. All computers must have different addresses so that there are no conflicts when exchanging data.

3. Make sure the subnet address is correct. Those. You need to check that the subnet mask on all network adapters is set to the same.

4. Check that the same group is specified in the computer properties (we talked about this above).

5. If a specific site has become unavailable, this does not mean that the network has disappeared; perhaps the DNS server has failed. Check other sites. To control the operation of the DNS server, enter 94.100.191.204 in the address bar of the browser instead of mail.ru. If the site loads, then the DNS is definitely faulty.