Computer device Computer device Computer device What does a computer consist of What does a computer consist of So, what does our ordinary personal computer (PC) consist of, which we use at home or at work. So, what does our usual personal computer (PC) consist of, which we use at home or at work. Consider its hardware ("hardware"): Let's consider its hardware ("hardware"):
System block The system block in the computer is the "master". If you carefully unscrew the screws from its back wall, remove the side panel and look inside, then only in appearance its device will seem complicated. Now I will briefly describe its device, and then I will describe the main elements in the most understandable language. The system unit in the computer is the "master". If you carefully unscrew the screws from its back wall, remove the side panel and look inside, then only in appearance its device will seem complicated. Now I will briefly describe its device, and then I will describe the main elements in the most understandable language.
The system unit contains the following elements (not necessarily all at once): 1. Power supply 1. Power supply 2. Hard disk drive (HDD) 2. Hard disk drive (HDD) 3. Floppy disk drive (FDD) ) 3. Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) 4. Compact Disc Drive (CD ROM) 4. Compact Disc Drive (CD ROM) 5. DVD Drive (DVD ROM) 5. DVD Drive disc (DVD ROM) 6. Connectors for additional devices (ports) on the rear (sometimes on the front) panel, etc. 6. Connectors for additional devices (ports) on the rear (sometimes on the front) panel, etc.
Motherboard The motherboard (it is more often called the motherboard) in turn contains: microprocessor microprocessor math coprocessor math coprocessor clock generator clock pulse generator memory chips (RAM, ROM, cache memory, CMOS memory) memory chips (RAM, ROM, cache -memory, CMOS-memory) controllers (adapters) of devices: keyboards, drives, etc. controllers (adapters) of devices: keyboards, drives, etc. sound, video and network cards sound, video and network cards timer, etc. All they are connected to the motherboard using connectors (slots). timer, etc. All of them are connected to the motherboard using connectors (slots).
Memory Computer memory can be internal or external. External memory devices include the already considered HDD, FDD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM. Internal memory includes read-only memory (ROM, ROM English), random access memory (RAM, RAM English), CACHE. Computer memory can be internal or external. External memory devices include the already considered HDD, FDD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM. Internal memory includes read-only memory (ROM, ROM English), random access memory (RAM, RAM English), CACHE. ROM is designed to store permanent program and reference information (BIOS Basic Input-Output System). ROM is designed to store permanent program and reference information (BIOS Basic Input-Output System). RAM has a high speed and is used by the processor for short-term storage of information while the computer is running. RAM has a high speed and is used by the processor for short-term storage of information while the computer is running.
When the power supply is turned off, no information is stored in RAM. For the normal functioning of a computer these days, it is desirable to have from 1 GB to 3 GB of RAM. When the power supply is turned off, no information is stored in RAM. For the normal functioning of a computer these days, it is desirable to have from 1 GB to 3 GB of RAM. Cache memory is a high-speed intermediate memory. Cache memory is a high-speed intermediate memory. CMOS memory CMOS RAM (Complementary Metall-Oxide Semiconductor RAM). It stores computer configuration settings that are checked each time the system is turned on. To change the configuration settings for your computer, the BIOS contains the SETUP computer configuration program. CMOS memory CMOS RAM (Complementary Metall-Oxide Semiconductor RAM). It stores computer configuration settings that are checked each time the system is turned on. To change the configuration settings for your computer, the BIOS contains the SETUP computer configuration program.
Sound, video and network cards Sound, video and network cards can be either built into the motherboard or external. External boards can always be replaced, while if the integrated graphics card fails, you will have to change the entire motherboard. Sound, video and network cards can be either built into the motherboard or external. External boards can always be replaced, while if the integrated graphics card fails, you will have to change the entire motherboard.
Peripherals 1. The computer keyboard consists of 6 groups of keys: 1. Alphanumeric; 2. Controls (Enter, Backspace, Ctrl, Alt, Shift, Tab, Esc, Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock, Pause, Print Screen); 3. Functional (F1-F12); 4. Numeric keypad; 5. Cursor control (->,
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Mouse Mouse Mouse (mechanical, optical). Most programs use two of the three mouse buttons. The left key is the main one, it controls the computer. It plays the role of the Enter key. The functions of the right key depend on the program. In the middle is the scroll wheel, which you quickly get used to. Mouse (mechanical, optical). Most programs use two of the three mouse buttons. The left key is the main one, it controls the computer. It plays the role of the Enter key. The functions of the right key depend on the program. In the middle is the scroll wheel, which you quickly get used to.
Modem network adapter, can be both external and internal. Modem network adapter, can be both external and internal. The scanner automatically reads from paper media and enters any printed texts and images into the PC. The microphone is used to input sound into the computer. The scanner automatically reads from paper media and enters any printed texts and images into the PC. The microphone is used to input sound into the computer. The monitor (display) is designed to display information on the screen. Most often, modern PCs use SVGA monitors with a resolution (the number of dots placed horizontally and vertically on the monitor screen) of 800 * 600, 1024 * 768, 1280 * 1024, 1600 * 1200 with up to 16.8 million colors.
The printer is designed to print text and graphics. Printers are dot matrix, inkjet and laser. In dot matrix printers, the image is formed from dots in an impact way. Inkjet printers in the print head instead of needles have thin nozzle tubes through which tiny droplets of ink are ejected onto the paper. Inkjet printers also perform color printing by mixing primary colors. The advantage is high print quality, the disadvantage is the risk of ink drying, the high cost of consumables. The printer is designed to print text and graphics. Printers are dot matrix, inkjet and laser. In dot matrix printers, the image is formed from dots in an impact way. Inkjet printers in the print head instead of needles have thin nozzle tubes through which tiny droplets of ink are ejected onto the paper. Inkjet printers also perform color printing by mixing primary colors. The advantage is high print quality, the disadvantage is the risk of ink drying, the high cost of consumables.
A webcam is needed to enter a dynamic image into a computer and sound, for example, to communicate with you, to create teleconferences. A webcam is needed to enter a dynamic image into a computer and sound, for example, to communicate with you, to create teleconferences.
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A presentation on the topic "What a computer consists of" (Grade 10) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Informatics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 14 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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What does the term "computer configuration" mean?
COMPUTER CONFIGURATION is its composition or set of hardware and programs. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION is the devices that are part of the computer. SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION, as you probably guessed, these are the programs that you have installed on your computer. Different people need different hardware and software configurations.
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Devices external and internal
Computer devices that are located outside are called EXTERNAL. And those devices that are inside the computer are called INTERNAL. EXTERNAL DEVICES are used to receive and issue information. They try to make information storage and processing devices INTERNAL, they are “hidden” inside the case to make it harder to get to. Now we will get acquainted only with EXTERNAL DEVICES. They are on the table and we can touch them with our hands. Different computers may have different external devices, but there are four that every computer has. These are the system unit, monitor, keyboard and mouse.
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System unit
This is the most important block of the computer. It contains devices for storing and processing information. On the back wall of this unit there are several connectors for connecting external devices, and on the front there are power and switch buttons for the system unit. It also has disk drives. Disk drives are devices into which floppy disks and laser discs can be inserted. Signals are recorded on discs.
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A monitor is a lot like a TV, only it has much better picture quality. TV can not be watched close, this can hurt the eyes. The monitor can also be viewed at arm's length. Monitors can be color and monochrome (they are called monochrome). You have already guessed that the monitor is used to display information. It can usually display texts, numbers, pictures and videos on the screen.
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Keyboard
The computer keyboard is used to enter letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. It has more than 100 keys, each of which has its own purpose. Keys can be divided into blocks: alphanumeric, function, additional and cursor. The great-grandmother of the computer keyboard was the typewriter.
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A mouse is also a device for entering information into a computer. She has two or three buttons, so it is inconvenient to enter letters and numbers with her help. But with its help, signals are easily entered. The mouse can be rolled on a table or on a special rug. When we roll it to the left, the computer receives a signal that the mouse pointer should be moved on the screen to the left as well.
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What is a scanner and why is it needed?
A SCANNER is an external device that is designed to enter text or pictures into a computer. Data entered into a computer using a scanner is recorded in a graphical format. In addition, today there are special programs that can recognize scanned text, i.e. write it down in text format. An artist definitely needs a computer and a SCANNER. Using a scanner, he can enter an old yellowed photograph into the computer, then, using a graphic editor, restore it and print it on a printer.
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What is a printer and what is it for?
A PRINTER is an external device that is designed to print on paper text or pictures that are created on a computer. Modern printers can print photographic quality pictures, but special paper is needed for this. A writer definitely needs a computer and a PRINTER. Using a computer, he can write down invented chapters of a new story, and using a printer, print them out and give them to a friend who does not have a computer to read.
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Sound card and headphones
In order for a computer to work with music, sound and speech, it needs a special sound card, which is called a SOUND CARD.
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What is a modem and what is it for?
If you have a telephone and a computer at home, then thanks to the MODEM you can connect to the worldwide computer network Internet and receive information from millions of computers from all over the world. MODEM converts data stored in a computer into telephone signals, and vice versa, telephone signals into data. With the help of a MODEM, computers communicate with other computers, no matter how far away they are, even on a different continent. Using the MODEM, you get access to a wide variety of information (news, books in the library, private ads), you can buy the product you like in the online store or order a service at home. Writer, artist and composer must have access to the INTERNET. Then they will be able to exchange sound, text and image files without leaving home.
Try to explain the slide in your own words, add additional interesting facts, you don’t just need to read the information from the slides, the audience can read it themselves.
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What does the term "computer configuration" mean? COMPUTER CONFIGURATION is its composition or set of hardware and programs. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION is the devices that are part of the computer. SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION, as you probably guessed, these are the programs that you have installed on your computer. Different people need different hardware and software configurations.
3 slide
Devices external and internal Computer devices that are located outside are called EXTERNAL. And those devices that are inside the computer are called INTERNAL. EXTERNAL DEVICES are used to receive and issue information. They try to make information storage and processing devices INTERNAL, they are “hidden” inside the case to make it harder to get to. Now we will get acquainted only with EXTERNAL DEVICES. They are on the table and we can touch them with our hands. Different computers may have different external devices, but there are four that every computer has. These are the system unit, monitor, keyboard and mouse.
4 slide
System block This is the most important block of the computer. It contains devices for storing and processing information. On the back wall of this unit there are several connectors for connecting external devices, and on the front there are power and switch buttons for the system unit. It also has disk drives. Disk drives are devices into which floppy disks and laser discs can be inserted. Signals are recorded on discs.
5 slide
Monitor A monitor is similar to a television in many ways, only with much better picture quality. TV can not be watched close, this can hurt the eyes. The monitor can also be viewed at arm's length. Monitors can be color and monochrome (they are called monochrome). You have already guessed that the monitor is used to display information. It can usually display texts, numbers, pictures and videos on the screen.
6 slide
Keyboard The computer keyboard is used to enter letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. It has more than 100 keys, each of which has its own purpose. Keys can be divided into blocks: alphanumeric, function, additional and cursor. The great-grandmother of the computer keyboard was the typewriter.
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Mouse A mouse is also a device for entering information into a computer. She has two or three buttons, so it is inconvenient to enter letters and numbers with her help. But with its help, signals are easily entered. The mouse can be rolled on a table or on a special rug. When we roll it to the left, the computer receives a signal that the mouse pointer should be moved on the screen to the left as well.
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Input Devices These are devices that convert information from a human-readable form to a computer-readable form.
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What is a scanner and why is it needed? A SCANNER is an external device that is designed to enter text or pictures into a computer. Data entered into a computer using a scanner is recorded in a graphical format. In addition, today there are special programs that can recognize scanned text, i.e. write it down in text format. An artist definitely needs a computer and a SCANNER. Using a scanner, he can enter an old yellowed photograph into the computer, then, using a graphic editor, restore it and print it on a printer.
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Output Devices These are devices for converting output information from a form understandable to a computer to a form understandable to humans.
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What is a printer and what is it for? A PRINTER is an external device that is designed to print on paper text or pictures that are created on a computer. Modern printers can print photographic quality pictures, but special paper is needed for this. A writer definitely needs a computer and a PRINTER. Using a computer, he can write down invented chapters of a new story, and using a printer, print them out and give them to a friend who does not have a computer to read.
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Sound card and headphones In order for a computer to work with music, sound and speech, it needs a special sound card, which is called a SOUND CARD.
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What is a modem and what is it for? If you have a telephone and a computer at home, then thanks to the MODEM you can connect to the worldwide computer network Internet and receive information from millions of computers from all over the world. MODEM converts data stored in a computer into telephone signals, and vice versa, telephone signals into data. With the help of a MODEM, computers communicate with other computers, no matter how far away they are, even on a different continent. Using the MODEM, you get access to a wide variety of information (news, books in the library, private ads), you can buy the product you like in the online store or order a service at home. Writer, artist and composer must have access to the INTERNET. Then they will be able to exchange sound, text and image files without leaving home.
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What is a multimedia computer? If a computer can work with five types of information (numerical, textual, graphic, sound, video), then it is called MULTIMEDIA. A disk that contains these types of information is called a MULTIMEDIA DISK.
The cooler is equipped with four legs, which we will install in the holes located near the corners of the motherboard socket. The cooler must be installed so that all four legs are installed in the motherboard holes. Now you need to fix the cooler on the motherboard, for this we alternately press each switch down with your finger. When you press your finger on the leg, when you hear a click, then this leg will be fixed to the motherboard, and you will need to do this with all four legs. Once you're done, make sure the cooler is securely attached to the motherboard socket. In order for the cooler to be securely attached to the motherboard socket, the switch on the cooler must be in the closed position. If the switch is in the open position, then the leg can easily come out of the motherboard. Now we have to connect the power from the cooler to the CPU_FAN connector on the motherboard.
MBOU "Solntsevskaya secondary school"
DEVICE and PURPOSE OF THE COMPUTER
Informatics and ICT teacher
MBOU "Solntsevskaya secondary school"
Nikulnikov Oleg Viktorovich
What is a computer?
Computer(English) computer - calculator) is an electronic computer designed to transmit, store and process information.
The computer consists of the following components:
1. System block
2. Monitor
3. Keyboard
4. Mouse
System unit
The system unit is the main node inside which are installed important components for the operation of the computer. A mouse, keyboard, monitor, USB drives, printers, scanners and other peripheral devices are connected to it from the outside.
It contains:
1. Power supply;
2. Motherboard;
3. Central processor;
4. RAM;
5. Hard drive;
6. Video card, etc.
POWER UNIT
A device that powers all the internal components of the system unit.
The more powerful it is, the better, since the more productive the devices inside the system unit, the more power they consume.
Motherboard
System (motherboard) board - the main hardware component on which the information exchange highway is implemented, there are connectors for installing a processor and RAM, as well as slots for installing additional controllers for external devices.
Thanks to the motherboard, the full interaction of the components of the computer system is ensured.
CPU
The central unit of a personal computer, designed to control the operation of all parts of the computer, as well as to calculate and process information.
In general, the MP is the "brain" of the computer.
It depends on the processor with which programs and at what speed your PC will work. The leading company in the development of processors installed on PCs is Intel, as well as rival AMD
RAM
RAM - random access memory - memory for temporary storage of data in a computer with which the user directly works.
It works ONLY when the computer is on, it is needed for the normal operation of programs and processes. As soon as you turn off the computer and restart it, the RAM is erased (zeroed).
HDD
HDD (hard drive, HDD) - the main device for long-term storage of large amounts of data and programs.
The hard drive is where all your information and programs are stored. If the hard drive stops working, you may lose all your data.
There are also external hard drives.
video card
video card (video adapter, graphics adapter, graphics card, graphics card, graphics accelerator, 3D card) is a device that converts the image in the computer's memory into a video signal for the monitor. Usually the video card is an expansion board and is inserted into a special slot for video cards on the motherboard, but it can also be integrated. Video cards have a built-in graphics processor (GP), which processes information without loading the computer's central processor.
In the modern world of computer games, powerful video cards are required, which at a price exceed the cost of the entire system unit.
Other system unit devices
There are also other devices that are part of a personal computer:
1) A sound card is an expansion card or an integrated chipset (codec) for creating sound on a computer that can be heard through speakers or headphones, or recorded with a microphone.
2) DVD \ Blu-Ray - ROM - a device for reading information from optical discs, as well as writing data to them.
3) a device for reading memory cards, as well as other electronic cards for various purposes.
Monitor
Computer monitor (display)- This is a device designed to display text and graphic information.
Of course, a monitor is an important part of a personal computer, but it is important for a person, and not for the operation of the computer itself.
There are many different types of monitors. The most popular are LCD (liquid crystal) and plasma monitors.
Keyboard
Keyboard is a device that is used to enter data (letters, numbers, and other characters) into a computer. It is an integral part of the computer and is used to control it - using special keys.
Manipulator "mouse"
is an input device that allows you to control the pointer in a graphical user interface
