CHANNEL C - KNL I

SEARCH - PSK I

PRFC - PRFC I

h) in the ECHO RTR submode, the following will be displayed on the radio station indicator:

in CHANNEL C - KNL E mode

SEARCH - PSK E

FRCH - FRCH E

k) in the RTR PRM submode, the indicator of the radio station will display: in the CHANNEL C - KNL mode ¯

SEARCH - UCS ¯

Frequency hop - hop ¯

m) in the RTR TX submode, the following will be displayed:

in CHANNEL C - KNL mode

SEARCH - PCK

PRFC - PRFC

m) in the R/MODEM submode, the following will be displayed:

in CHANNEL C - KNL M mode

SEARCH - PSK M

FRCH - FRCH M

n) in the seventh familiarity of the indicator, the number of TLC messages in the receive buffer will be displayed with dots. The number of dots corresponds to the number of received TLC messages. After the accumulation of 22 TLC messages in the receiving buffer of the radio station, the symbol ! will be displayed;

n) in the fourth familiarity of the indicator, the supply voltage will be displayed with dots:

Two columns correspond to 11.45 V or more (emergency mode, the station may fail);

One and a half columns correspond to a fully charged battery (normal operation);

Nothing is displayed - corresponds to a discharged battery;

If the radio station number is not set, then all familiarity places will have *.

HOW TO PREPARE THE RADIO FOR OPERATION

General information about the radio station

Controlling the operating modes of the radio station and changing the parameters of these modes are summarized in three main groups of commands:

a) operation modes control commands;

b) commands for programming parameters of operating modes;

c) direct access commands.

The first two groups of commands are summarized in two command menus:

Mode menu. The entrance to it is carried out by the key;

Programming menu. The entrance to it is carried out by the key.

The transition between menu items is carried out by pressing the [NO] or [▼] keys from top to bottom or by pressing the [▲] key from bottom to top. Pressing the [NO] key takes you to the lower menu or moves to the next menu item. Pressing the [END] key switches to the main mode from the menu of any level.

The third group of commands are called direct access commands. Their designations are printed on the keyboard. To enter the required command, the key with the corresponding inscription is pressed.

Each radio station (subscriber) is assigned a number from 01 to 99. A subscriber who is assigned the number 00 will only receive broadcast messages. A subscriber assigned a number from 01 to 99 will receive TLF and TLC messages sent to this number, as well as broadcast messages sent to number 00. The radio station (subscriber) number is entered into the radio station from the keyboard. Entering the radio station number is password protected.

The radio has the ability to store up to five own TLC messages intended for transmission, and up to twenty two received TLC messages. After receiving twenty-two TLC messages in the receive buffer, each new incoming TLC message will replace the oldest one stored in the radio.

The TLC message intended for transmission contains:

Number of the subscriber to whom this TLC message is intended (subscriber - recipient);

From 1 to 100 five-digit numeric groups;

Time entered or last modified.

The TLC message received upon reception contains:

Number of the subscriber who sent the message (subscriber-sender);

recipient's subscriber number;

Number of accepted digital groups;

Accepted digital groups;

Time and date of admission.

Upon receipt of a TLC message, the radio station - recipient automatically sends a receipt to the radio station - sender. When it is received, the radio station - the sender signals the operator about the successful sending of the TLC message.

The TLC message with the subscriber number 00 is intended for everyone (circular TLC message), and it will be received by all radio stations located in the radio visibility zone. A receipt for such a TLC message is not sent by the radio stations that received it. Messages received by the TLC are automatically stored in the PROM.

The radio station masks the transmitted voice information if the mask number is not equal to 0 and it is set. The radio station transmitting and the radio station receiving voice information must have the same mask number and the same data for this mask (key information). Otherwise, the receiving radio will incorrectly unmask the voice data and the speech will not be played back. The mask number is entered into the radio station from the keyboard or from a PC. Masks are entered from a PC.

The radio station performs sound indication in the following cases:

When receiving a TLC message;

When the supply voltage drops below the permissible value;

When ready to transmit speech (by pressing the [TRANSMIT] button).

Sound indication can be disabled or enabled by the operator. The sound volume and turning off / on the sound indication is set from the product's keyboard.

The light indicator displays all operating modes and their parameters, as well as all actions with the radio station. The time and brightness of the glow are set from the radio keypad. The indicator turns off automatically to save the capacity of the battery pack, if the operator has not pressed the keyboard keys for a time exceeding the previously set one. The first key press when the indicator is off will turn the indicator on. The pressed key is ignored. The indicator also turns on when a TLC message is received.

When the operating mode or mode parameter is changed, the position of the value to be changed is displayed flashing. The [▼] and [▲] keys are used to change the current position. Pressing [▼] moves the position to the left. Pressing [▲] moves the position to the right.

To enter a frequency of 148 MHz, dial 148000.

If a frequency is dialed that is not available in this radio station, then the message NO FREQUENCY will be displayed. Press the [YES] key. After that, the frequency you entered will be displayed for you to change.

If the dialed frequency is not a multiple of 25 kHz, the message NOT KP 25 will be displayed. Press the [YES] key. After that, the entered frequency will be displayed to be changed.

If the frequency is not fully dialed, the message NOT DIGIT will be displayed. Press the [YES] key. After that, the entered frequency will be displayed to be changed.

If you try to enter a channel for which there is no or insufficient data, a message NO FRQ or NO N CW will be displayed for the FF mode channel.

If the radio is turned off during reprogramming, changing operating modes and entering TLC messages, all entered data will not be saved.

TO BLOKIR;

RECORD D;

PfP PRTR;

PRM TLC;

SAVE FLOOR;

UNLOCK;

SAVE;

N PTLC NN.

This will result in total or partial loss of data and TLC messages.

When one of the following messages appears on the indicator: NOT ERASED, ERROR REC, ERROR, the radio station is not fully operational.

The radio station has a built-in real time clock. The clock provides a count of years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds. When the power of the radio station is turned off for 30 seconds (no more), the set date and time are saved.

During operation, the radio monitors the supply voltage. If the radio station is in the main mode, and the supply voltage has dropped to the least acceptable value, then the letter B will be displayed in the 7th familiarity of the indicator, which means that the battery pack needs to be replaced or recharged. When working in other modes, BATTERY will be displayed! When powered from an external source through a power filter, this indicates a malfunction.

In case of violations of the operation algorithms in the radio station, the QS is automatically restarted, similar to the start of the QS when the power is turned on.

After pressing a key and holding it for more than 0.5 s, this key will operate every 0.1 s until it is released.

Keystrokes not provided for by this instruction are ignored.

The radio station can operate in the following modes:

CHANNEL C - operation of the radio station at one frequency - transmission and reception of digital information in the presence of a signal. In the CHANNEL C mode, voice communication sessions and the exchange of digital TLC messages are carried out with the help of radio stations. The CHANNEL C mode has 10 channels with numbers from 0 to 9. For each channel number, one any frequency from the operating range of the product, a multiple of 25 kHz, is set;

SEARCH - search for a signal on four frequencies and receive information on the frequency where the signal is found. In the SEARCH mode, voice communication sessions and the exchange of digital TLC messages are carried out with the help of radio stations. The mode has 10 channels numbered from 0 to 9. For each channel number, four scanning frequencies are set from the operating range of the radio station, multiples of 25 kHz;

Frequency hopping - signal reception with frequency transitions in the process of reception. In the frequency hopping mode, with the help of radio stations, voice communication sessions and the exchange of digital TLC messages are carried out. The mode has 10 channels with numbers from 0 to 9. For each channel number, the start frequency, end frequency, frequency change law number and frequencies prohibited for operation are set.

Note: when operating in the CHANNEL, SEARCH, hopping modes, the radio station can set the following sub-modes of operation:

STATION - reception and transmission of circular and address messages (TLK and voice messages);

MAIL - reception of TLC messages and their saving in PROM. After receiving a request for a TLC message to the address of this radio station, TLC messages intended for the requesting subscriber are searched for, and if they are available, they are sent to the addressee. When working in MAIL mode, all STA messages are ignored;

ECHO RTR - reception of all messages (TLF and TLC) and their retransmission (transmission with a time delay) to the subscriber. The maximum TLF message time is no more than 3 minutes 20 seconds. If this time is exceeded, subsequent speech information is ignored;

RTR PRM - receiving messages (TLK and TLF) and their issuance via the RS-252 interface to other products;

RTR TX - reception of TLC and TLF messages via the RS-232 junction and their transmission on the air;

Р/MODEM - reception and transmission of digital data, files, commands, alphabetic messages via radio channel and docking according to the RS-232 standard with external equipment;

F and CHANNEL A - receiving and transmitting an analog signal on the same frequency. In modes F and CHANNEL A, the radio station conducts simplex voice communication sessions with analog FM signal modulation. CHANNEL A mode has 10 channels numbered from 0 to 9.

In the CH A mode, the operating frequency data on each channel corresponds to the data of the channels in the CH C mode.

TEST - checking the components of the radio station that are not automatically tested when it is turned on. In the TEST mode, the operator commands the radio station to be tested, while the exchange of TLF and TLC messages is not possible.

Note: when the power is turned on, the radio station automatically receives reception in all modes, except for TEST, in accordance with the data stored in the EEPROM. The radio is switched to the TEST mode only manually.

Equipment of the special forces of the airborne troops

Even the first leader of the self-proclaimed Ichkeria, Dzhokhar Dudayev, declared the servicemen of the 45th separate reconnaissance regiment of the Airborne Forces to be his personal enemies - they coped so successfully with the Chechen separatists. Since then, the Russian "gray wolves" (this beast is depicted on the emblem of the unit) have repeatedly driven the "wolves" into the mountains, tracked them down and destroyed them. However, the successful fulfillment of combat missions often depends not only on the personal skills and abilities of special forces soldiers regularly sent to the Chechen Republic ... Officers of the 45th Orp told the VPK correspondent about how they are equipped and armed today.

Like 30 years ago, the Kalashnikov assault rifle remains the main weapon of the special forces.
Photo by Arkady Chiryatnikov

Outfit

The paratroopers recall that when in Bosnia the American peacekeepers, at one of the meetings with their Russian colleagues, took our army boots in their hands for the first time, their amazement knew no bounds: "How do you walk in such?" Indeed, the so-called domestic "crocodiles" weigh an average of 1.5 kg, and when wet, even more. US shoes with comfortable lacing turned out to be incomparably lighter, and the laces were so strong that they could not be compared with ours, which tend to tear after a week of walking in the field.

Several years have passed since that memorable meeting for both sides, but the quality of Russian military boots has not improved at all. Most of the soldiers of the 45th regiment, by the way, have the soles of the "crocodiles" not glued, but lined with nails. Although superiors are well aware that if, God forbid, a scout steps on a mine, these very nails, flying out of the sole under the influence of an explosive wave, aggravate injuries and injuries. By and large, paratroopers, of course, dream of special boots for sappers from Marter Horner (USA) - according to rumors, their thick and durable sole with a lead plate inside absorbs explosive impact and prevents limbs from tearing off - but one such pair is worth about 250 dollars. In general, what to talk about, if Russian conscripts, for example, throughout their entire service life receive only footcloths and only one pair of cotton socks when they are transferred to the reserve. However, it is much more convenient to wear socks, so the fighters have to either buy them themselves, or wait for their parents to send them.

With their own money or funds of patrons-sponsors, both replacement underwear and uniforms are purchased in the regiment. After all, the camouflage patterns produced by our industry fall into disrepair after three months of a soldier's stay in Chechnya, where the frequency of performing combat missions is three days after three. And meanwhile, the established period for wearing a set of summer uniforms for a conscripted serviceman is six months, and for winter - a year. So the commanders have to constantly somehow get out, otherwise the subordinates will simply have nothing to go into battle. At one time, however, the rear services in Chechnya were guided by the order of the commander of the OGV (S) in the North Caucasus, which stated that the replacement of the old uniform with a new one should be carried out every 3 months, but for some reason the commissariat began to "forget" about this order since the summer 2001

In addition, according to paratrooper officers, the camouflage fabric does not "breathe" at all, so the fighters, to put it mildly, experience considerable discomfort on hot days. To some, such a claim may seem excessive, but for paratroopers this is not at all a whim. For example, if a scout suddenly gets a heat stroke, the combat mission will be in jeopardy. The "gray wolves" are also dissatisfied with the mountain suit model developed back in the times of the USSR. But even they are chronically lacking in the regiment. Sponsors helped out a little more, they donated 12 gray-brown, rocky-colored modern "slides" with rubberized straps and non-sagging pockets. But what is 12 mountain suits for a reconnaissance regiment?

Sponsor gifts

Fortunately, almost the entire personnel of the regiment is provided with winter uniforms, in particular, light, warm and waterproof jackets made of padding polyester. However, this necessary piece of clothing also has its drawbacks: there is only one lock on the zipper of the jacket, which, firstly, quickly breaks, and secondly, it unzips and fastens too noisily. Therefore, when performing combat missions, scouts put on these jackets only in parking lots, using them for an overnight stay, but they almost never button them up.

Once during the winter season, all military personnel are issued five-fingered woolen gloves and warmer three-fingered standard army mittens. But since during intensive combat work the gloves wear out very quickly, and in mittens it is impossible to quickly pull the trigger, ordinary fighters in reconnaissance often walk with their bare hands.

As for modern uniforms and equipment, only the personnel leaving on business trips to Chechnya have them - that is, according to a rough estimate, one battalion of the regiment. Moreover, everything was purchased not at the expense of the Ministry of Defense, but at the money of officers and individuals who previously either served in this regiment of the Airborne Forces, or in some other parts of the special forces. Although these things, intended for the broad "consumer masses", have their drawbacks.

For example, before the guys had to take with them on assignments RD-90, which contained only a raincoat, dry rations for one day, one mine and a first aid kit, provided that everything was properly packed. The sponsors bought much more capacious universal backpacks, each of which can hold at least: dry rations for three days, a mine with a detonation line, a supply of ammunition, medicines, a supply of water, batteries for communication, a radio station, a rain poncho. Plus - large valves, thanks to which all this stock can be quickly removed and removed in the dark. But for greater convenience, it lacks an anatomical "back" and the shoulder girths are not thought out properly: when moving, the backpack constantly rubs the back, and the fabric absorbs human sweat due to lack of ventilation. As a result, after a year or so, the backpack gradually becomes damp and rots: after all, the scout does not always have the opportunity to dry it under normal conditions.

Everyone goes to Chechnya, as a rule, with polyurethane rugs (so that they can lie on the bare ground), also purchased with sponsorship money, since the RF Ministry of Defense does not deal with such a "trifle" at all. But these rugs absorb water, do not protect against cold and dampness, which is why the paratroopers take out the rubber pads sheathed with fabric from the RD-90 (they protect the back from chafing). But the latter are short-lived - quickly torn.

Means of communication

The regiment has radio stations R-159, R-392, R-853, "Peanut" and "Crossbow". The newest of them - "Crossbow" - is used practically only in stationary conditions: the frequency adjustment buttons fail very quickly. The most suitable for fast communication is the Arakhis radio station, which is relatively small in size and weight, from which you can send a message both by digital dialing and by voice. However, the Peanut has a shorter range, and the fragile antenna usually breaks very quickly. Therefore, scouts on missions constantly have to carry a backup R-159 with them, which, despite all its bulkiness and heaviness, provides reliable communication in closed mode. The officers again recalled how the Americans, at joint exercises in Bosnia, set up their satellite devices faster than ours. One consolation is that in the event of the satellites being disabled, our R-159Ms would have been more reliable.

In each group operating in the mountains, there are several portable radio stations operating in the open mode - from the commander and senior scouts. Of course, if every fighter received such a radio station, the unit would be more manageable. But the most important thing is different. Firstly, almost all headset connections sooner or later break. Secondly, it is impossible to conduct radio communications without making unnecessary movements, which is simply vital for a reconnaissance officer in a different situation. For example, in order to say something, you need to move your hand to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe chest where the switch is located. The microphone is as unmaskingly brilliant as the characters in the series "Special Forces". And finally, I would like the military portable radios to have a wider frequency range in order to be able to listen to the enemy. After all, until now, militants in Chechnya usually use "Icome" stations with a frequency range of 100 MHz and higher (in our country - up to 100 MHz).

Armament

Scouts confidently declare that all domestic weapons that they have to use are tested and reliable, mainly 7.62 mm, since bullets of this caliber do not change their flight path in mountainous wooded areas. Another thing is bad: the regiment does not have a sufficient number of silent "Vintorez" (special sniper rifles - VSS), ACC (special sniper machine), which are light, easy to carry and work, and also simply necessary for head patrols. In addition, many VSSs have long fired 400, and 600, and even 800 shots - all this is recorded in the forms, but due to the fact that there is no replacement for them, the special forces again go to Chechnya with these, it would seem, Rifles fit only for write-off.

Some officers also believe that it is high time for Russian gunsmiths to learn how to make PM pistols with a silencer for special forces, since the stopping effect of 9-mm Makarov bullets is much stronger than 7.62-mm silent PSS. Well, the "minus" of the NR-2 reconnaissance knife is that it needs to be sharpened periodically.

Of the optical sights, the regiment uses almost everything that is currently in service in the Russian army. So, recently the regiment received night sights 1PN93-1 (for AKMS and VSS), 1PN93-3 (for SVD and PKM). They are small-sized, light, but in the rain they must be covered with something, wrapped with electrical tape, tape. In addition, servicemen themselves have to make soft covers for optics (so as not to rattle) and sheathe it with oilcloth and cloth on top (so that it does not give glare and does not unmask). Usually, in three days of work, scouts say, three out of five sights fail. And after returning to the base, it takes at least eight hours to bring the optics into working condition (you need to dry it under the sun in the summer, near the stove in the winter).

Night sights 1PN51 and 1PN58 are more water-resistant and reliable, but there are few of them, they are old (some have almost become unusable). In addition, it is now very difficult to get batteries for them.

There are enough night binoculars 1PN50 in the regiment, but here the same problems: they are not waterproof, very heavy, the necessary batteries are in short supply. Meanwhile, the paratroopers found foreign binoculars from the militants, which are lighter than ours, they have rubberized joints (which means they are more reliable and are not afraid of moisture), they have rangefinders and compasses.

I would like to have scouts and autonomous mobile systems for radar and thermal imaging surveillance. But, not wanting to sit idly by, waiting for the moment when they enter the troops, the paratroopers began to buy ordinary devices for people with partial or complete hearing loss of circular and directional action with their own money and have already managed to try their working qualities. “We have already had cases when, with the help of hearing aids, we detected the movements of “spirits” at a considerable distance,” the special forces assured me, “and then the group “worked out” well on them:”

I had a chance to visit an elite regiment of the Russian army. And if there are so many problems here, then what can we say about ordinary combat units. What do the special forces need? Yes. It cannot be otherwise: too important combat missions are assigned to them.

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