Modern mobile phones are significantly different from what they used 20 or even 10 years ago. Photo evidence is attached.
The world's first mobile phone: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (1983)
Today, Motorola cannot be called a leader in the mobile industry, but it is the company that released the world's first mobile phone. It turned out to be the DynaTAC 8000X model. A prototype of the device was shown in 1973, but commercial sales began only in 1983. The powerful DynaTAC weighed almost a kilogram, ran for an hour on a single battery charge, and could store up to 30 phone numbers.
First car phone: Nokia Mobira Senator (1982)
In the early 1980s, it became widely known Nokia phone Mobira Senator. It came out in 1982 and was the first of its kind - it was intended for use in a car, while weighing about 10 kilograms.
Gorbachev spoke on it: Nokia Mobira Cityman 900 (1987)
In 1987, Nokia introduced the Mobira Cityman 900, the first device for NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) networks. The device became easily recognizable due to the fact that Mikhail Gorbachev used it to make a call from Helsinki to Moscow, and this was not ignored by photographers. Nokia Mobira Cityman 900 weighed approximately 800 grams. The price was high - in terms of today's money, its purchase would cost Americans $6,635, and Russians - 202,482 rubles.
First GSM phone: Nokia 101 (1992)
The Nokia phone, with its modest number 101, was the first commercially available device capable of operating in GSM networks. The monoblock with a monochrome screen had a retractable antenna and a book with 99 numbers. Unfortunately, it did not yet have the famous Nokia tune ringtone, since the composition appeared in the next model, released in 1994.
Touchscreen: IBM Simon Personal Communicator (1993)
One of the first attempts to create a communicator was the joint development of IBM and Bellsouth. The IBM Simon Personal Communicator phone ditched the keyboard, offering instead a touchscreen with a stylus. For $899, buyers received a device that could make calls, send faxes and store notes.
First flip phone: Motorola StarTAC (1996)
In 1996, Motorola confirmed its title as an innovator by introducing the first flip phone, the StarTAC. The device was considered stylish and fashionable, it was compact not only for that time, but also in comparison with modern smartphones.
First smartphone: Nokia 9000 Communicator (1996)
The weight of the Nokia 9000 Communicator (397 grams) did not prevent the phone from becoming popular. The first smartphone was equipped with 8 MB of memory and monochrome screens. When opened, the user's gaze revealed a QWERTY keyboard, making it easier to work with text.
Replacement panels: Nokia 5110 (1998)
In the late 1990s, companies realized that consumers viewed mobile phones not only as communication tools, but also as accessories. In 1998, Nokia released the 5110 model, which supported replaceable panels. The phone has also become popular due to its excellent build and good operating time. It featured the famous game “Snake”.
First phone with a camera: Sharp J-SH04 (2000)
Sharp J-SH04 was released in Japan in 2000. This is the world's first camera phone. The camera resolution today seems ridiculous - 0.1 megapixels, but then the J-SH04 seemed like something incredible. After all, the phone could be used as a bad camera, but still a camera.
Mail - the main thing: RIM BlackBerry 5810 (2002)
RIM introduced its first BlackBerry in 2002. Before this, the Canadian manufacturer was producing organizers. The main disadvantage of the BlackBerry 5810 was the lack of a microphone and speakers - to talk on it, you needed a headset.
PDA meets phone: Palm Treo 600 (2003)
Palm for a long time was considered the main manufacturer of PDAs (pocket personal computer) and in 2003 released the extremely successful Treo 600 model. The communicator with a QWERTY keyboard, color screen, and 5-way navigation key was based on Palm OS 5.
Gaming phone: Nokia N-Gage (2003)
Nokia has made several attempts to capture the minds of mobile players and not all of them were successful. The first truly gaming phone is called Nokia N-Gage. It is similar in design to portable console and was positioned as an alternative to the Nintendo Game Boy. On the front side there are gaming control keys, which few people found convenient. The games themselves were recorded on MMC memory cards. The microphone and speaker in N-Gage are located at the end, so all users looked like Cheburashkas during conversations. There were a lot of disadvantages and the project failed.
O2 XDA II (2004)
O2, like Palm, was heavily involved in PDAs. In 2004, the XDA II model appeared, offering users a slide-out QWERTY keyboard, office applications. The price was steep back then – $1,390.
Razor-thin: Motorola RAZR V3 (2004)
The best-selling clamshell is the Motorola RAZR V3. The model attracted attention with its subtle and stylish design. The creators took inspiration from the “old man” StarTAC and eventually released a device, clad in a body with aluminum inserts, with a VGA camera (0.3 MP), Bluetooth, GSM. Afterwards, the improved RAZR V3x, RAZR V3i and RAZR V3xx with a better camera, 3G, microSD were seen.
First phone with iTunes: Motorola ROKR E1 (2005)
In 2005, few could have imagined that Apple, specializing in computers and music players, will decide to enter the mobile industry (and introduce the popular iPhone). The company entered into an agreement with Motorola, and as a result, ROKR E1 was created - a device with support for the iTunes music library. Customers' expectations were not met - few people liked the candy bar with Motorola design, slow USB interface 1.1, an outdated 0.3-megapixel camera and a limit on storing songs (100 pieces).
Motorola MOTOFONE F3 (2007)
Motorola MOTOFONE F3 was sold for only 60 US dollars. One of the most affordable devices on the market offered a display made using electronic paper technology (EPD, Electronic Paper Display). The advantages include low weight and small thickness.
Simple finger controls: Apple iPhone(2007)
First Apple version The iPhone originally came out in the US in 2007. Touchphone with 2-megapixel camera, 3.5-inch touch screen, a convenient finger-oriented interface supported only second generation networks. The iPhone did not work with MMS and could not record video. In 2008, the iPhone 3G was released, and in 2009, the iPhone 3GS. The concept has not changed in three years - programs and a user-friendly interface are at the center.
The history of telephony is interesting both in terms of invention various devices, and in terms of the stages of deployment of communication networks various types around the world. In some aspects, the dynamics of the spread of relevant technologies seems revolutionary, while in others it is characterized by progressive, uniform development. What are the most noteworthy facts regarding the global industry? telephone communication?
Who invented the telephone?
Traditionally, the history of the telephone is associated with the name of Alexander Bell, an American inventor of Scottish origin. Indeed, the famous researcher took a direct part in the development of a revolutionary apparatus for transmitting sounds over a distance. However, there are known facts that other designers also played a vital role in the creation of the telephone. For example, Johann Philipp Reis, a famous German inventor, at a meeting of scientists of the Physical Society held in 1861, reported on the prototype of an electrical device he had created for transmitting sound over a distance. The name of the invention was also mentioned - “telephone”, which is familiar to us today. Reis's contemporaries, however, received the device without due enthusiasm. But this is the most important fact in the history of the creation of the telephone.
Fifteen years later, two American researchers, Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell, working independently, discovered the effect of telephoning. Both scientists, interestingly, on the same day, namely February 14, 1876, filed an application to patent their discovery. At the same time, they had not yet developed a functioning device that would use telephony. Presumably, Bell was about 2 hours ahead of Gray in filing the application, and many historians attribute the fact that the history of the creation of the telephone today is associated with the name of the American inventor to this circumstance.
The appearance of the first telephone
Alexander Bell lived in Boston and worked with people with hearing and speech problems. In 1873 he became professor of physiology at Boston University. Due to his occupation, he was probably an expert in the field of acoustics and had excellent hearing.
The history of the first telephone created by Alexander Bell is thus connected with his work. Among the remarkable facts related to the invention of the device is the very effect of telephoning, discovered by the researcher with the direct assistance of his assistant. Thus, a specialist working with Bell once pulled out a plate from the transmitting device, which, as it seemed to Bell, was making some rattling noise. As the researcher later found out, this was due to the fact that the element periodically closed electrical contacts.
Based on the identified effect, Alexander Bell created telephone set. It was designed very simply: like a membrane made of leather, equipped with a signal element for magnification. The device could only transmit the sound of a voice, but this, apparently, was enough to patent the device - Bell received the corresponding document recording the authorship of the invention on March 10, 1876 .
The history of telephones is also interesting in terms of their commercial use. A few days later, the inventor modified the telephone so that it could transmit clearly audible individual words. Alexander Bell later showed his device to the business community. The device made an incredible impression on business people. The American inventor soon registered his company, which subsequently became prosperous.
First telephone lines
The history of the telephone is now known to us. But how was Bell’s invention introduced into everyday life? In 1877, also in Boston, the first telephone line was launched, and in 1878, a telephone exchange was launched in New Haven. In the same year, another famous American inventor, Thomas Edison, created a new model of an apparatus for transmitting voice over a distance. Its design included an induction coil, which significantly improved the quality of communication, as well as increased the distance of sound transmission.
Contribution of inventors from Russia
The history of the development of the telephone is also connected with the names of Russian designers. In 1885, Pavel Mikhailovich Golubitsky, an inventor from Russia, developed a fundamentally new scheme for the operation of a telephone exchange, in which power was supplied to the devices externally - from a central source. Before this, each phone worked from its own electrical outlet. This concept made it possible to create stations that simultaneously serve huge amount subscribers - tens of thousands. In 1895, Russian inventor Mikhail Filippovich Freidenberg proposed to the world the concept of a telephone exchange, which involved automatically connecting one subscriber to another. The first operating telephone exchange was introduced in the USA, in the city of Augusta.
Development of communication lines in Russia
The history of the appearance of the telephone in Russia is connected with the construction of a line for the transmission of communications between St. Petersburg and Malaya Vishera. The first conversation between Russian subscribers through this channel took place in 1879, that is, only 3 years after the invention of the telephone. Later, one of the first civilian communication lines connected the Georgievskaya pier, located in Nizhny Novgorod, and apartments that belonged to the management of the Druzhina shipping company. The length of the line was about 1547 m.
City telephone exchanges began operating on a regular basis in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Odessa in 1882. In 1898, an intercity line appeared, connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg. The history of telephones in Russia is interesting because the station that served the communication channel between Moscow and St. Petersburg still exists and operates to this day. It is located on Myasnitskaya Street in the capital of the Russian Federation.
The pace of development of telephony in the Russian Empire was very decent - for example, by 1916, there were an average of 3.7 telephones per 100 residents of Moscow. In 1935, already under the USSR, all Belokamennaya metro stations were equipped with telephones. Starting from 1953, all houses put into operation in the capital of the USSR were required to have a telephone cable.
The history of telephones is fascinating. It's always interesting to study its details. Having learned how wired telephones appeared, let's consider the most remarkable facts regarding the development mobile devices, which today are no less in demand than traditional ones.
How did mobile phones come about?
The first recorded telephone conversation via a radio channel, which, in a number of key characteristics, corresponds to the principles of the organization of modern cellular communication, was held in 1950 in Sweden. Inventor Sture Laugen, who was driving the Televerket company, successfully telephoned the time service using the appropriate type of device. By that time, Sture Lauren had worked for several years at Televerket, developing this device. The history of the phone is also connected with the name of Ragnar Berglund, Lauren's colleague.
Target - mass market
By the time Lauren made the call we mentioned above, telephone radio communication as such was already in use, but it was available only to intelligence services and military structures. The Televerket company has set the task of creating a device accessible to every citizen.
The Swedish development was introduced to the mass market in 1956. At first she worked only in two cities - Stockholm and Gothenburg. During 1956, only 26 subscribers connected to it, which was not surprising due to the high cost of a “mobile phone”, the cost of which was comparable to the price of a car.
Development of mobile communications
The history of the development of mobile phones is, in a number of ways, inferior to the dynamics of the spread of telephone communications. If, for example, already 3 years later, devices created according to the principles of Alexander Bell were actively used in Russia, then for quite a long time mobile phones were not in mass demand.
Only in 1969 did the world leaders of the telecommunications market begin to think that it would be nice to somehow unify the corresponding communication systems. So, for example, it was assumed that each subscriber is like the owners landlines- will have its own number, and it will be relevant not only in the country where it is issued, but also abroad. Thus, we can note that the history of the mobile phone, in fact, from the very beginning, reflects the interest of the engineering community in implementing roaming concepts.
Among the first inventors to propose the practical implementation of a technology for which corresponding requests were generated was Stockholm Technical School graduate Esten Mäkitolo. The history of the creation of a mobile phone in the form we are familiar with is directly related to its name. However for practical implementation Myakitolo's concept required very powerful technologies. They appeared only in the early 80s.
First cellular network
Story cell phones includes a remarkable fact: the first country in which it was deployed was Saudi Arabia. It was there that Ericsson, which actively participated in the practical implementation of the concepts proposed by Myakitolo, entered into a contract in 1981 for the supply of relevant services. The network launched in Saudi Arabia was characterized by the main criterion - mass participation. Gradually, cellular communication standards improved, and networks began to function in other countries of the world.
Development of uniform standards
As the market grows mobile communications There was a growing need to develop uniform standards for the provision of relevant services. In Saudi Arabia, in the Scandinavian countries, in the Benelux, the NMT concept became popular, in Germany the C-Netz system was used, in the UK, France, and Italy their own concepts were implemented.
The emergence of GSM
To integrate the European mobile space, the GSM standard was created. It can be said to have absorbed all the best from other “national” concepts, and therefore, although not without difficulties, it was adopted by the European technological community in 1986. But the first GSM network was introduced only in 1990 in Finland. Subsequently this standard has become the main one for Russian cellular communication providers.
The history of telephones - both regular and cell phones - is incredibly fascinating. But no less interesting is how the relevant technologies are developing. Let's study how cellular communication lines have been improved.
Development of the cellular communications market
In the first years after the introduction of GSM standards into consumer practice, using the corresponding services was very expensive. But gradually the devices needed to work with mobile networks, fell in price and became truly widespread. Phones improved and became smaller in size. In 1996 Nokia company introduced, in fact, one of the first smartphones - a device with which you could send mail, faxes, and use the Internet. In the same year, the now legendary StarTac book from Motorola appeared.
Smartphones and mobile Internet
In 1997, Philips released the Spark phone with a very large stock battery life- about 350 hours. In 1998, the Sharp PMC-1 Smartphone mobile device appeared, which has touch display. It was expected that it would be a direct competitor to the above-mentioned gadget from Nokia. In 1999 mobile operators began to introduce WAP technology, which made it easier for subscribers to access mobile internet. In 2000, the GPRS standard appeared, as well as UMTS, one of the main ones used in the architecture of 3G networks.
In 2009, the Swedish company TeliaSonera launched the world's first 4G network. Now it is considered the most modern and is being actively implemented by operators around the world.
Prospects for phones
What will be the next step in the development of the cellular industry? The history of the mobile phone shows that effective, revolutionary solutions can appear at any time. It may seem that the 4G standard is the limit of possibilities modern technologies. It would seem that data transmission at speeds of tens of megabits, excellent quality communications - what could be a level higher?
However, the world's leading research laboratories continue to actively work in the field of improvement mobile technologies. Perhaps, soon in the hands of any willing subscriber there will appear a device as sensational for the modern average person as Bell's telephone was in the 70s of the 19th century, or the device used to call from a car on Sture Lauren. And after a while, people will stop being surprised by him. This incredibly technological industry is so dynamic.
Hello friends, I don’t know if you understood from the title of the article what I want to write about in it, but I wanted to express my opinion about mobile phones that were before and now. Perhaps this post will seem like nothing to you, but still, for many I think this topic will be interesting.
A mobile phone is a cool thing, right? Well, this is already something integral in our lives; life is not the same without a mobile phone, and for many it is completely impossible. To be honest, I don’t really remember the first models of mass-produced mobile phones, but still, whatever one may say, they were reliable. Even the same Nokia that is in the picture above. Yes, there are a lot of jokes about it and all that stuff, like a hammer, a brick, etc. But it’s a reliable phone.
Yes, it was not so sophisticated compared to today's mobile phones, but what’s wrong with this one, if you compare it with today’s devices, then it’s nothing more than a piece of plastic :).
What prompted me to write this article. I'll probably start from afar. More than three years ago I bought myself a communicator from HTC, it was an HTC P3400. It's an obscure piece of equipment, manufactured in 2007, and this phone served me for more than three years, and only recently I replaced it with HTC One V. As you can see, I really liked this company, and I fell in love with it precisely because of the HTC P3400.
Why? Because for some reason the phone worked for three years and will probably work for much longer. It’s just reliable and made as needed, even outwardly it looks almost like new. Yes, there is a weak processor, old Windows Mobile, which everyone has already begun to forget about, but it worked and continues to work.
How I bought it for myself new phone, and gave the HTC P3400 to my brother. Of course, after a couple of days he completely bathed him in water :). I thought that it would no longer work. But it dried out and turned on, and it turned on as usual, the sensor works, the screen works as usual. The only question is how long will he work after such a bath?
Although that phone was simple compared to today's devices, it was unreliable and not made through *oops.
Now let's get back to my new purchase of HTC One V, by the way brief overview I wrote. I thought, well, since HTC made such a reliable communicator back in 2007, now in 2012 their devices should be simply ideal. That's why I bought myself a One V.
But what I thought turned out to be true just the opposite. As it turned out, there are enough problems with work, assembly and the case. You read the reviews on the forum, it becomes scary. There were probably several different batches with different defects. Either there are yellow spots on the screen, then the phone completely turns into a brick, then the power button gets stuck, and you don’t know what new thing will come out tomorrow. Everything seems to be fine for me so far, only the backlight on the side is visible, but oh well, so far so good. Yes, this phone is good, beautiful and functional. But he is collected on a quick fix and somehow. Why, having paid money for a phone, should I think about whether it will die tomorrow or something else?
This is a problem not only with this model and not only with HTC. Do you know why? Because competition is eternal over who is cooler and who has the best. Rivalry between companies, because whoever releases it first is the leader and has income and respect. And for this reason, phones now hit the shelves untested; they get there because they need something new and faster than their competitors. And because of this haste, ordinary buyers suffer, that is, you and me.
These are the things, I’m waiting for your opinion in the comments. Good luck!
