Today, the number of Internet users reaches 3.5 billion people, which is almost half of the world's population. And, of course, everyone knows that The World Wide Web has completely enveloped our planet. But still not everyone can say whether there is a difference between the concepts of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Oddly enough, many are absolutely sure that these are synonyms, but savvy guys can give arguments that will reduce this confidence.
What is the Internet?
Without going into complex technical details, we can say that The Internet is a system that unites computer networks all over the world. Computers are divided into two groups – clients and servers.
Clients are called ordinary user devices, which include personal computers, laptops, tablets, and, of course, smartphones. They send a request, receive and display information.
All information is stored on servers, which can be classified according to different purposes:
- web server,
- postal,
- chats,
- radio and television broadcast systems,
- file sharing.
Servers are powerful computers, working continuously. In addition to storing information, they receive requests from clients and send the necessary response. At the same time, they process hundreds of such requests.
Also in our brief educational program it is necessary to mention it is worth mentioning Internet providers, which provide communication between client and server. A provider is an organization with its own Internet server to which all its clients are connected. Providers provide communication via telephone cable, dedicated channel or wireless network.
This is how you get on the Internet Is it possible to do without a provider and connect directly to the Internet? Theoretically it is possible! You will have to become your own provider and spend a huge amount of money to get to the central servers. So don’t blame your Internet provider too much for high tariffs - these guys also need to pay for many things and spend money on equipment maintenance.
The World Wide Web has entangled the whole world
World Wide Web or simply web - “web”. Actually she is presented a huge amount pages that are connected to each other. This connection is provided by links, through which you can move from one page to another, even if it is located on another computer connected to.
The World Wide Web is the most popular and largest Internet service. The World Wide Web uses special web servers to operate. They store web pages (one of which you see now). Pages linked by links that have a common theme, appearance, and usually located on the same server is called a website.
Used to view web pages and documents special programs– browsers.
It is the World Wide Web that includes forums, blogs and social media. But its work and existence is directly ensured by the Internet...
Is there a big difference?
In fact, the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web is quite large. If the Internet is a huge network connecting millions of computers around the planet for sharing information, then the World Wide Web is just one way to exchange this information. In addition to providing World works Wide Web, the Internet allows you to use email and various instant messengers, as well as transfer files via the FTP protocol,
The Internet is what connects numerous computer networks.
The World Wide Web is all pages that are stored on special Internet servers.
Conclusion
Now you know that the World Wide Web and the World Wide Web are different things. And most importantly, you will be able to show off your intelligence and explain to your friends what this difference is.
Structure and principles of the World Wide Web
World Wide Web around Wikipedia
The World Wide Web is made up of millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to a network and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data. In its simplest form, such a program receives an HTTP request for a specific resource over the network, finds the corresponding file on the local hard drive and sends it over the network to the requesting computer. More complex web servers are capable of dynamically allocating resources in response to an HTTP request. To identify resources (often files or parts thereof) on the World Wide Web, uniform resource identifiers (URIs) are used. Uniform Resource Identifier). Uniform URL resource locators are used to determine the location of resources on the web. Uniform Resource Locator). These URL locators combine URI identification technology and the DNS domain name system. Domain Name System) - domain name(or directly the address in numeric notation) is part of the URL to designate the computer (more precisely, one of its network interfaces) that executes the code of the desired web server.
To review the information received from the web server, go to client computer a special program is used - a web browser. The main function of a web browser is to display hypertext. The World Wide Web is inextricably linked with the concepts of hypertext and hyperlinks. Most of the information on the Internet is hypertext. To facilitate the creation, storage and display of hypertext on the World Wide Web, HTML is traditionally used. HyperText Markup Language), hypertext markup language. The work of marking up hypertext is called layout; the markup master is called a webmaster or webmaster (without a hyphen). After HTML markup, the resulting hypertext is placed in a file; such an HTML file is the main resource of the World Wide Web. Once an HTML file is made available to a web server, it is called a “web page.” A collection of web pages makes up a website. Hyperlinks are added to the hypertext of web pages. Hyperlinks help World Wide Web users easily navigate between resources (files), regardless of whether the resources are located on local computer or on remote server. Web hyperlinks are based on URL technology.
World Wide Web Technologies
To improve the visual perception of the web, CSS technology has become widely used, which allows you to specify uniform styles design for many web pages. Another innovation worth paying attention to is the URN resource designation system. Uniform Resource Name).
A popular concept for the development of the World Wide Web is the creation of the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is an add-on to the existing World Wide Web, which is designed to make information posted on the network more understandable to computers. The Semantic Web is a concept of a network in which every resource in human language would be provided with a description that a computer can understand. The Semantic Web provides access to clearly structured information for any application, regardless of platform and regardless of programming languages. Programs will be able to find the necessary resources themselves, process information, classify data, identify logical connections, draw conclusions and even make decisions based on these conclusions. If widely adopted and implemented wisely, the Semantic Web has the potential to spark a revolution on the Internet. To create a computer-friendly description of a resource, the Semantic Web uses the RDF (English) format. Resource Description Framework ), which is based on XML syntax and uses URIs to identify resources. New in this area is RDFS (English) Russian (English) RDF Schema) and SPARQL (eng. Protocol And RDF Query Language ) (pronounced "sparkle") new language requests for quick access to RDF data.
History of the World Wide Web
Tim Berners-Lee and, to a lesser extent, Robert Cayo are considered the inventors of the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee is the originator of HTTP, URI/URL and HTML technologies. In 1980 he worked at the European Council for Nuclear Research (French). Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, CERN ) software consultant. It was there, in Geneva (Switzerland), that he wrote the Enquire program for his own needs. Enquire, can be loosely translated as "Interrogator"), which used random associations to store data and laid the conceptual foundation for the World Wide Web.
The world's first website was hosted by Berners-Lee on August 6, 1991 on the first web server available at http://info.cern.ch/, (). Resource defined the concept World Wide Web, contained instructions for setting up a web server, using a browser, etc. This site was also the world's first Internet directory because Tim Berners-Lee later posted and maintained a list of links to other sites there.
The first photograph on the World Wide Web was of the parody filk band Les Horribles Cernettes. Tim Bernes-Lee asked the group leader for scans of them after the CERN Hardronic Festival.
And yet, the theoretical foundations of the web were laid much earlier than Berners-Lee. Back in 1945, Vannaver Bush developed the concept of Memex. (English) Russian - auxiliary mechanical means of “expanding human memory”. Memex is a device in which a person stores all his books and records (and, ideally, all his knowledge that can be formally described) and which issues necessary information with sufficient speed and flexibility. It is an extension and addition to human memory. Bush also predicted comprehensive indexing of text and multimedia resources with the ability quick search necessary information. The next significant step towards the World Wide Web was the creation of hypertext (a term coined by Ted Nelson in 1965).
- The Semantic Web involves improving the coherence and relevance of information on the World Wide Web through the introduction of new metadata formats.
- The Social Web relies on the work of organizing the information available on the Web, carried out by the Web users themselves. In the second direction, developments that are part of the semantic web are actively used as tools (RSS and other web channel formats, OPML, XHTML microformats). Partially semanticized sections of the Wikipedia Category Tree help users consciously navigate the information space, however, very soft requirements for subcategories do not give reason to hope for the expansion of such sections. In this regard, attempts to compile knowledge atlases may be of interest.
There is also a popular concept Web 2.0, which summarizes several directions of development of the World Wide Web.
Methods for actively displaying information on the World Wide Web
Information on the web can be displayed either passively (that is, the user can only read it) or actively - then the user can add information and edit it. Methods for actively displaying information on the World Wide Web include:
It should be noted that this division is very arbitrary. So, say, a blog or guest book can be considered a special case of a forum, which, in turn, is a special case of a content management system. Usually the difference is manifested in the purpose, approach and positioning of a particular product.
Some information from websites can also be accessed through speech. India has already begun testing a system that makes the text content of pages accessible even to people who cannot read and write.
The World Wide Web is sometimes ironically called the Wild Wild Web, in reference to the title of the film Wild Wild West.
See also
Notes
Literature
- Fielding, R.; Gettys, J.; Mogul, J.; Fristik, G.; Mazinter, L.; Leach, P.; Berners-Lee, T. (June 1999). “Hypertext Transfer Protocol - http://1.1” (Information Sciences Institute).
- Berners-Lee, Tim; Bray, Tim; Connolly, Dan; Cotton, Paul; Fielding, Roy; Jeckle, Mario; Lilly, Chris; Mendelsohn, Noah; Orcard, David; Walsh, Norman; Williams, Stuart (December 15, 2004). "Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One" (W3C).
- Polo, Luciano World Wide Web Technology Architecture: A Conceptual Analysis. New Devices(2003). Archived from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2005.
Links
| Protection of confidential data and anonymity on the Internet in Wikibooks |
- Official website of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (English)
- Tim Berners-Lee, Mark Fischetti. Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web. - New York: HarperCollins Publishers (English) Russian . - 256 p. - ISBN 0-06-251587-X, ISBN 978-0-06-251587-2(English)
| Web and websites | |
|---|---|
| Globally | |
| Locally | |
| Types of sites and services |
|
| Creation and service |
|
| Types of layouts, pages, sites |
|
| Technical | |
| Marketing | |
| Society and culture | |
| Semantic Web | |
|---|---|
| Basics | World Wide Web · Internet · Hypertext · Databases · Semantic networks · Ontologies · Description logic |
| Subsections | Linked Data · Data Web · Hyperdata · Dereferenceable URIs · Rule bases · Data Spaces |
| Applications | Semantic wiki · Semantic publishing · Semantic search · Semantic computing · Semantic advertising · Semantic reasoner · Semantic matching · Semantic mapper · Semantic broker · Semantic analytics · Semantic service oriented architecture |
| Related Topics | Folksonomy · Library 2.0 · Web 2.0 Links · Information architecture · Knowledge Management · Collective Intelligence · Thematic maps · Mindmapping · Metadata · Geotagging · Web science |
| Standards |
Syntax: RDF (RDF/XML · Notation 3 · Turtle · N-Triples) · SPARQL · URI · HTTP · XML Schemes, ontologies:RDFS · OWL · Rule Interchange Format · Semantic Web Rule Language · Common Logic · |
World Community of Networks;
♦ what is the World Wide Web;
♦ Web server, Web page, Web site;
♦ WWW hyperstructure;
♦ browser - WWW client program; problem of finding information on the Internet.
The Internet is a global community of networks
Would you like to look into the residence of the US President - the White House, or visit the Louvre - the largest art museum in the world, or find out what the weather is like in Antarctica, or get information about the performances taking place tonight in Moscow theaters? All this and much more can be achieved without leaving the desk on which you are installed. personal computer connected to the world networks Internet.
The Internet unites thousands of local, industry, and regional computer networks around the world. An individual user who is not a subscriber to any of the listed networks can also connect to the Internet through the nearest hub.
All of the above computer network services ( e-mail, teleconferences, file archives, etc.) also work on the Internet. In this case, only problems of communication language may arise. The language of international communication on the world wide web is English. Here's another incentive for you to study diligently English language !
What is the World Wide Web
The most interesting service provided to Internet users since 1993 has been the ability to work with the World Wide Web information system (abbreviated as WWW). This phrase can be translated as “world wide web.” It was working with the WWW that was meant when at the beginning of this paragraph you were offered all sorts of information miracles.
It is very difficult to give an exact definition of what the WWW is. This system can be compared to a huge encyclopedia, the pages of which are scattered across computer servers connected by the Internet. To get the right information, the user must get to the corresponding encyclopedia page. Perhaps with this analogy in mind, the creators of the WWW introduced the concept of a Web page.
Web server, Web page, Web site
A web page is the main information unit of the WWW. It is a separate document stored on a Web server. A page has a name (similar to a page number in an encyclopedia) by which it can be accessed.
The information on a Web page can be very different: text, drawing, photograph, multimedia. Web pages also contain advertising, reference information, scientific articles, the latest news, illustrated publications, art catalogs, weather forecasts and much, much more. To put it simply: Web pages have “everything.”
A number of Web pages can be related thematically and form a Web site. Each site has home page, which is called home (Home page). This is peculiar front page, starting from which you can view documents stored on the server. Typically, the home page contains a table of contents - the names of sections. To contact to the required section, just move the mouse pointer to the section name and click mice.
WWW hyperstructure
However, it is not at all necessary to view Web pages in a row, flipping through them, as in a book. The most important property of the WWW is the hypertext organization of connections between Web pages. Moreover, these connections operate not only between pages on the same server, but also between different WWW servers.
Typically, hyperlinked keywords are highlighted or underlined on a Web page. By clicking on such a word, you will follow a hidden link to view another document. Moreover, this document may be located on another server, in another country, on another continent. Most often, the Internet user has no idea where the server with which he is connected is located. at the moment communicates. Figuratively speaking, in one session you can “fly” around the globe several times.
The role of a key for communication can be played not only by text, but also by a drawing, a photograph, or a pointer to a sound document. In this case, instead of the term “hypertext” the term “hypermedia” is used.
You can reach the same Web page in many different ways. The analogy with the pages of a book no longer works here. In a book, the pages have a certain sequence. Web pages do not have such a sequence. The transition from one page to another occurs through hyperlinks, forming a network that resembles a web. This is where the name of the system comes from.
Summarizing the above, we can give the following definition:
The World Wide Web is a globally distributed information system hyperconnected, existing on technical base World Wide Web.
Browser is a WWW client program. The problem of searching for information on the Internet
A special device helps the user navigate the web software, which is called a Web browser from the English “browse” - “inspect, study.” Using a browser, you can find the information you need in different ways. The shortest way is using the web page address. You type this address on the keyboard, press the enter key and are taken straight to the location.
Another way is search. You can start moving with your home page via hyperlinks. At the same time, there is a danger of going the wrong way, getting entangled in the “web”, and ending up in a dead end. However, the browser allows you to go back any number of steps and continue searching along a different route. Such a search is similar to wandering in an unfamiliar forest (though less dangerous).
Good helpers in navigating the WWW are special search programs. They “know” everything or almost everything about the WWW. For such a program it is enough to specify the set keywords on a topic that interests you, and it will provide a list of links to relevant Web documents. If the list turns out to be too long, you need to add some more clarifying terms.
During Internet sessions, an Internet user appears to be immersed in an information space with unlimited resources. Recently, the term “cyberspace” has become widespread, which refers to the entirety of the world’s telecommunication systems and the information circulating in them.
The WWW system is developing very quickly. Already, all its resources are difficult to review. Thick reference books and catalogs are published that become outdated faster than phone books. Therefore, simultaneously with the increase in the volume of information, the search system on the World Wide Web is being improved.
Briefly about the main thing
The Internet is a worldwide global computer network.
World Wide Web - World Wide Web: a hyperconnected information system distributed throughout the world, existing on the technical basis of the global Internet.
A web page is a separate WWW document.
Web server is a computer on the Internet that stores Web pages and the corresponding software for working with them.
A website is a collection of thematically related pages.
Hypermedia is a system of hyperlinks between multimedia documents.
Web browser is a client program for the user to work with the WWW.
Searching for the desired document on the WWW can occur: by specifying its address; by moving through a “web” of hyperconnections; by using search programs.
Cyberspace is the totality of the world's telecommunication systems and the information circulating in them.
Questions and tasks
1. What is the Internet?
2. How is the phrase “World Wide Web” translated?
3. What is WWW?
4. What information can be obtained from the WWW?
5. How is the connection between Web pages organized?
6. What is the analogy between the WWW and the web?
7. What is hypermedia?
8. What is a Web server?
9. By what methods can you find the desired page on the WWW?
I. Semakin, L. Zalogova, S. Rusakov, L. Shestakova, Computer Science, 9th grade
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All computer science online, list of topics by subject, collection of notes on computer science, homework, questions and answers, abstracts on computer science grade 9, lesson plans
Lesson content lesson notes supporting frame lesson presentation acceleration methods interactive technologies Practice tasks and exercises self-test workshops, trainings, cases, quests homework discussion questions rhetorical questions from students Illustrations audio, video clips and multimedia photographs, pictures, graphics, tables, diagrams, humor, anecdotes, jokes, comics, parables, sayings, crosswords, quotes Add-ons abstracts articles tricks for the curious cribs textbooks basic and additional dictionary of terms other Improving textbooks and lessonscorrecting errors in the textbook updating a fragment in a textbook, elements of innovation in the lesson, replacing outdated knowledge with new ones Only for teachers perfect lessons calendar plan for the yearWorld Wide Web(English) World Wide Web) - a distributed system that provides access to
related documents located on different computers connected to the Internet. The World Wide Web is made up of millions of web servers. Most of the resources on the World Wide Web are hypertext. Hypertext documents posted on the World Wide Web are called web pages. Multiple web pages combined common theme, design, as well as interconnected links and usually located on the same web server, are called a website. To download and view web pages, special programs are used - browsers. The World Wide Web has caused a real revolution in information technology and the boom in Internet development. Often, when talking about the Internet, they mean the World Wide Web, but it is important to understand that they are not the same thing. The word is also used to refer to the World Wide Web web(English) web) and abbreviation WWW.
Initially, the Internet was a computer network for transmitting information, developed at the initiative of the US Department of Defense. The reason was given by the first artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. The US military decided that in this case they needed an ultra-reliable communication system. ARPANET was not a secret for long and soon began to be actively used by various branches of science.
The first successful remote communication session was conducted in 1969 from Los Angeles to Stanford. In 1971, an instantly popular program was developed to send email over the network. The first foreign organizations to connect to the network were in the UK and Norway. With the introduction of the transatlantic telephone cable to these countries, ARPANET became international network.
The ARPANET was perhaps a more advanced communication system, but it was not the only one. And only by 1983, when the American network was filled with the first news groups, bulletin boards and switched to using the TCP/IP protocol, which made it possible to integrate into other computer networks, ARPANET became the Internet. Literally a year later, this title began to gradually pass to NSFNet, an inter-university network that had a large throughput and gained 10 thousand connected computers during the annual period. The first Internet chat appeared in 1988, and in 1989 Tim Berners-Lee proposed the concept of the World Wide Web.
World Wide Web
In 1990, ARPANET finally lost to NSFNet. It is worth noting that both of them were developed by the same scientific organizations, only the first was commissioned by the US defense services, and the second was on its own initiative. However, this competitive pairing led to scientific developments and discoveries that made the World Wide Web a reality, which became publicly available in 1991. Berners Lee, who proposed its concept, developed the HTTP (hypertext) protocol over the next two years, HTML language and URL identifiers, which are more familiar to ordinary users as Internet addresses, sites, and pages.
The World Wide Web is a system that provides access to files on a server computer connected to the Internet. This is partly why today the concepts of the web and the Internet often replace each other. In fact, the Internet is a communication technology, a kind of information space, and the World Wide Web fills it. This spider network consists of many millions of web servers - computers and their systems that are responsible for the operation of websites and pages. To access web resources (download, view) from a regular computer, a browser program is used. Web, WWW are synonyms for the World Wide Web. WWW users number in the billions.
