Sysadmin(also in English sysadmin, system administrator) - the abbreviated name of the profession, the full name of which in Russian sounds like System Administrator. This profession has recently become very popular for most young, and not very, people, they teach it, they work on it, they get good money for it. This is due to the rapid development of various computer technologies and their penetration into all spheres of human life. The word sysadmin is often used in colloquial speech, in vacancies and resumes when looking for a job, in a word - everywhere. Below we will talk about what the profession is. system administrator.
In modern realities, virtually any person who is engaged in the maintenance and maintenance of the work of a certain computer network, including all of its hardware and/or software components, which may include:
- Personal computers, both workstations and servers;
- Network equipment such as switches, routers, firewalls and more;
- Web servers, mail servers, database servers, and others.
Also, in certain cases, the system administrator may be responsible for ensuring proper information security.
Depending on their specialization, a system administrator can engage in the following activities:
- The administrator of workstations and servers is most often involved in repairing both hardware (failed motherboards, burned out power supplies), and software (Windows does not boot, commas are not printed in Word "e ...).
- Administrator corporate network domain based Active Directory. A very popular occupation, given the prevalence of Windows operating systems, as well as the need to somehow centrally control them. Such a specialist should be able to create, distribute into groups, edit users, give them the appropriate rights in the AD domain, and also be able to manage group policies for users, their computers and groups in which they all belong.
- Administration of networks and network equipment. His responsibilities include knowledge of the network topology, the ability to work with both non-configurable and configurable network equipment, planning local computer network, as well as the ability to combine several remote workplaces into one network by setting up NATs and VPNs. Do not also forget about access control within this network, and outside it - proxy settings.
- A web server administrator who must at least be able to install, configure and maintain one of the following web servers - Apache, IIS, Nginx, monitor hosting (which can be located both inside the organization's network and outside it). In addition, a good administrator should be able to configure normal resource allocation under high loads, clustering, and many other specific things.
- Administration mail server is also a common task for a system administrator, his tasks include working with such popular solutions as Exim, Microsoft Exchange, Postfix, Sendmail, or corporate mail solutions from Google or, for example, Yandex. In addition to the obvious control over accounts (creation, deletion, configuration), it is also necessary to be able to set up an anti-spam system and so on.
- Site administrator. These responsibilities may include just some filling with the content of the site, but once we are talking about a system administrator, then in theory he should be able to set up hosting (including a web server, as mentioned above), install and configure the desired site, for example, any content management system (CMS).
- Very rarely, the task of creating or maintaining a video surveillance system may fall under the duties of a system administrator. The tasks include installing and configuring cameras, responding to various events, saving and playing back recordings. Relates to system administration poorly, and often falls into his duties part-time to some other duties.
Outside of the system administrator's classes described above, there were such possible things as database administration (Microsoft SQL, MySQL and its multiple branches, Oracle, etc.), 1C administration (not to be confused with "1C programmer"), PBX and much more .
Bootloader corruption is usually due to improper installation of the second system. There are several ways to fix an error that prevents the system from booting normally using the built-in Windows Tools and special software.
Recovery via installation disk
First, let's see how to repair the Windows 8 bootloader using installation disk. Option two: automatic error correction and manual overwriting of the bootloader through command line.
While in the BIOS, look at which drive was set to the first place in the "Boot" section. If two hard drives are connected to the computer, but the boot starts from the one on which there is no operating system, then forget about restoring the bootloader and just put the desired hard drive in the first place. If you still have problems with the boot record, then try to fix them automatically:
If the recovery wizard detects an error during diagnostics, it will notify you about it. Click the "Fix" button and wait until the failure is fixed, then try downloading Windows 8 again.
Manual recovery on the command line
If automatic repair did not help fix the error, or the wizard did not find the problem, then you will have to do the work manually by entering commands to overwrite the boot area in the console. To launch the console, in the "Advanced options" subsection, click on the "Command line" item. 
Usually, several commands are enough to restore the bootloader:
After restarting your computer, the problem with starting Windows 8 should be fixed. But in some especially difficult cases, executing the above commands does not help. Then it may be necessary to completely overwrite the entire boot area, or even delete and re-create the system-reserved partition. To recreate the BCD store:
Running the above command will restore the bootmgr and bootstore configuration files, allowing G8 to start normally. If this does not help, then you will have to completely delete the partition reserved by the system and create it again.
The work is almost completed, it remains to create the boot files on the new hidden system partition. Enter the command "bcdboot D:\Windows", where "D" is the letter of the volume you just created.
Using special software
If the installation Windows disk 8 no, and you do not want to spend time downloading the distribution and writing it to media, then use the Paragon Hard program to restore the bootloader disk manager, which is distributed in Hiren's Boot CD utility package.
- Download and burn Hiren's Boot CD to disc or flash drive. Boot from the created media by changing the priority in the BIOS.
- Go to the "Running DOS Programs" section. Open the Disk Partitioning subsection and launch the Paragon Hard Disk Manager utility.
- Expand the "Wizards" menu and select "Windows Boot Repair".
- In the wizard window, check "Search for installed copies" and click "Next".
- Check the box "Change boot record section" and click "Next".
The program will overwrite the boot record, adding information about the installed operating system to it. After restarting your computer, Windows 8 will start without errors.
Restoring from another system
If the bootloader is damaged as a result of Windows installation XP, and now XP starts up, but the "eight" does not, then try fixing the error using the EasyBCD utility. Dealing with it is much easier than typing commands in the console:
- Launch the program and go to the "Current Settings" tab. Make sure that the utility displays only one entry, while the PC has two systems installed.
- Open the Add Entry tab. Set the record type to “Windows Vista / 7 / 8”, the name is “Windows 8”. The disk must be selected the one on which the "eight" is installed. Click Add.
- Edit the boot menu to your liking. For example, you can set the "eight" to run by default after a timeout.
- The last step in installing the bootloader is to overwrite the MBR. Go to the "Installing BCD" section. In the "MBR Options" field, check "Install Windows Vista/7/8 bootloader" and click "Overwrite".
In this article, we'll figure out how to restore the Windows 10 or Windows 8.1 bootloader on a computer running in . Damage to the Windows 8 bootloader can be caused by installing a second OS (Dual Boot - configurations), incorrect actions of a “specialist” when restoring the system after a crash, deleting “extra” data on hidden partitions, a ransomware virus and a number of other reasons.
Boot error The boot configuration data for your PC is missing: EFI\Microsoft\Boot\BCD
Damage to the bootloader of Windows 10 / 8.1 installed in UEFI mode may indicate the inability to boot the system and the appearance of a new blue screen of death with an error:
The boot configuration data for your PC is missing or contains errors.
File:\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\BCD
Error code: 0xc000000f
In Russian Windows versions the error might be like this:
Your computer needs repair
The boot configuration data for your PC is missing or contains errors
File:\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\BCD
Error code: 0xc000000f
All this may indicate damage or even complete removal of the Windows 8 bootloader configuration - Boot Configuration Data (BCD). Restoring the BCD bootloader using one of the methods discussed earlier ( , ) will not work: when you try to execute the bcdedit command, the system gives an error:
The boot configuration data store could not be found.
The requested system device cannot be found
The fact is that the configuration of the BCD BCD bootloader in Windows 10/8 installed in UEFI mode is stored on a separate hiddensection EFI(100 MB in size with the FAT32 file system), which the bcdedit utility does not see, and therefore cannot manage the bootloader configuration on it.
Automatic recovery of the Windows bootloader
The automatic bootloader recovery procedure, wired into, is usually powerless in such cases. But it's still worth a try:
Manual recovery of the Windows bootloader using a boot disk
Let's move on to the procedure for restoring the Windows bootloader on a system with EFI.
So, in order to restore the bootloader configuration (BCD), you need to boot from the original installation DVD disc with Windows 8 (or the recovery disk or ) and open a command prompt window: by selecting System Restore -> Diagnostics -> Command Prompt(System Restore —> Troubleshoot->Command Prompt), or by pressing the key combination Shift+F10). 
Let's start diskpart:
Let's list the disks in the system:
Select the drive where your Windows is installed (if HDD there is only one in the system, its index must be equal to 0):
Let's display a list of partitions in the system:
In our example, it can be seen that the EFI partition (it can be determined by the size of 100 MB and the FAT32 file system) has an index of volume 1, and the boot partition with the installed Windows system (it can be either Windows 10 or Windows 8.1/8) has volume 3 .
Assign an arbitrary drive letter to the hidden EFI partition:
assign letter M:
A line should appear indicating that the drive letter was successfully assigned to the EFI partition:
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
Finishing work with diskpart:
Let's go to the directory with the bootloader on the hidden partition
cd /d m:\efi\microsoft\boot\
In this case, m: is the drive letter assigned to the UEFI partition just above. If the \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\ directory is missing (The system cannot find the path specified error), try the following commands:
cd /d M:\ESD\Windows\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\
Let's recreate boot sector on boot partition:
bootrec /fixboot
Delete the current BCD configuration file by renaming it (saving the old configuration as backup):
Using the utility bcdboot.exe recreate the BCD store by copying the boot environment files from the system directory:
bcdboot C:\Windows /l en-us /s M: /f ALL
where, C:\Windows- path to the directory with installed Windows 8.
/f ALL- means that you need to copy the files of the boot environment, including files for computers with UEFI or BIOS (theoretical ability to boot on EFI and BIOS systems)
/l en-us— type of the system locale. The default is en-us − English language(USA) .
Advice. In the case of using a localized Russian version of Windows 10 / Windows 8, the command will be different:
bcdboot C:\Windows /L en-us /S M: /F ALL
Possible mistakes:
- BFSVC Error: Can't open the BCD template store. status - - check the correctness of the entered command and whether you are using localized Windows, in this case you need to correctly specify the system language code (local language code)
- BFSVC Error: Error copying boot files Last Error = 0x570 - try checking the disk with CHKDSK M: /F
Run the commands:
bootrec /scanos
bootrec /rebuildbcd
It remains to restart the computer, after which the Windows Boot Manager item should appear in the selection of boot devices, in which you can select the boot of the desired OS. BCD bootloader configuration restored successfully!
What is safe mode running the system on Windows 8 and 8.1?
In safe mode Windows startup performed using a limited set of files and drivers.
Safe mode does not run programs loaded at startup and installs only the basic set of drivers needed to start Windows
And also for competent elimination various problems that may appear while using the computer.
As, for example, caused by programs and drivers that may not load correctly or prevent Windows from starting correctly.
If these problems do not occur when booting in safe mode, then from the list possible causes you can exclude the default settings and the base set of device drivers.
in Windows 8, safe mode starts in a rather specific way, which can confuse inexperienced users who have recently been familiar with the eight.
That is why we decided to tell you how to enter a safe windows mode 8 different ways.
You can enter Safe Mode in Windows 8:
Using the F8 key (or Shift+F8)
By configuring the boot options in the system configuration when the OS is running
By changing the settings for turning off the computer when the OS is running
Using bootable flash drive with Windows 8
Using a Windows 8 boot disk
As you can see, there are many ways and one of them will surely suit you.
Using the F8 key, you can very quickly enter safe mode on Windows 8. The disadvantages of this well-known method include the sad fact that it simply does not work on some computers.
So, after turning on or restarting the computer, hold down the key combination "Shift + F8" several times. This will open a menu known to all, in which, using the arrows on the keyboard, you must select the "Safe Mode" item.
This convenient and familiar method does not work for everyone, but there is one trick that can fix it.
With the OS running, using the keyboard, press the key combination "Win + X" and in the window that appears, select "Command Prompt (Administrator)".
Then enter the command "bcdedit / set (default) bootmenupolicy legacy" and press "Enter". You should see a message that the command was successfully completed.
Now you can safely restart your computer and press the "F8" key to enter the menu for selecting boot options.
If earlier the combination “Shift + F8” did not work, like “F8”, now there will be no problems with entering safe mode.
If you would like to return standard settings OS, then enter the command "bcdedit / set (default) bootmenupolicy standard" on the command line.
Second way means changing boot options settings.
Good effective method but in some cases it may be useless (if the computer is seriously broken and the OS cannot be started). Press the combination "Win + R" and enter the command "msconfig".
In the window that appears, we agree with the proposal to reboot the system. After restarting, the computer will start in safe mode.
Pay attention to the fact that the launch in this mode will be performed until you uncheck the box previously set in the boot settings from the “Safe Mode” item
Be sure to do it!
The method can be used even in case of a serious breakdown of the computer, since the launch of the OS is not necessary.
You will need a bootable Windows 8 flash drive that can be used to restore the OS. If you don’t have a bootable flash drive at hand, don’t worry, you can easily create it.
Burn Windows 8 to a flash drive using Rufus.
This program is very popular among users. Has a simple and intuitive interface, not cluttered with unnecessary additional features, perfectly copes with its direct task - writing an OS image to a USB flash drive.
The Rufus program does not require installation, after downloading you can run it and use it right away. You can download Rufus from this link.
After starting the program, you will see the main window.
Before writing Windows 8 / 8.1 to a USB flash drive, you need to make some settings. In the "Device" line, you must select the USB flash drive already connected to the computer, on which you plan to burn the OS image.
You can see the rest of the settings in the photo below.
The next step is to select an OS image. For this purpose, click on the disk icon and specify the location for storing the image with Windows 8/8.1.
After that, we check the correctness of all settings. Things to check before signing up:
Correctly selected removable media (blank or with files that can be deleted)
Selected file NTFS system
There is a checkmark next to the item "Create a bootable disk"
In the window is the parameter "ISO-image"
Desired OS image specified
After the final check, you can start the procedure Windows entries 8 on a USB flash drive, for this we press the "Start" button.
Rufus will issue a warning about formatting removable media, which you must agree to. After the end, the program will display a corresponding message.
Click the "Close" button and use the created bootable Windows 8 flash drive to install on your computer.
However, CONTINUE..
We insert the created bootable USB flash drive into the computer and start from it. In the date and time selection window, click Next. When the installation window appears, click System Restore.
After that, go to the "Diagnostics" section.
Continue to the "Advanced Options" section. We already got into this window when using the previous methods, but as you can see, it is somewhat different from the others. Go to the section "Command line".
Type the command "bcdedit /set (globalsettings) advancedoptions true" and press "Enter".
Next, close the command prompt and click on the "Continue" button. The system will reboot and a familiar window will appear on the screen, press the "F4" button and go into Windows Safe Mode
This window will appear every time the computer is turned on. Therefore, after troubleshooting, enter the command "bcdedit /deletevalue (globalsettings) advancedoptions" in the command line and the boot options selection window will not appear.
I think that this information will help you deal with problems in Windows 8 and 8.1.
Good luck Friends!
Hello, I really hope for your competent help, the problem is this, Windows 8.1 was originally installed, then I decided to install it on the second partition hard drive Windows XP, after installation, one XP began to boot. To be loaded both Windows had to download and install the manager loading operating systems EasyBCD 2.0.2, but apparently I configured something incorrectly in it and an error began to appear during loading An operating system was not found (Operating system not found).
God bless her with XP, tried to restore the bootloader Windows 8.1 using the installation discand well-known commands:
bootrec /FixMbr
bootrec /FixBoot
bootrec /ScanOS
bootrec /RebuildBcd
but for some reason this did not solve the problem, the error both came out and comes out.
Maybe there are some tricky ways restore Windows boot 8.1?
Hello friends! In this article, I will provide three effective ways to restore the Windows 8.1 bootloader on an MBR (regular BIOS) disk. I'll start with simple situations and finish with more complex ones.
- Note: if you have a new laptop with such a problem, then pay attention to our article
- Also at the end of the article is a way to create a backup copy of the BCD boot storage and restore from this copy.
This error: "An operating system was not found (The operating system was not found)" means nothing more than damage or complete absence of the "Windows 8.1" bootloader, which undoubtedly includes files located in the hidden System Reserved partition (Reserved by the system).
Before fixing these files, let's take a look at them. Let's go to Disk Management.
Assign a letter hidden partition System Reserved (Reserved by the system, 350 MB).
And enable the system to display hidden protected system files and you will see the folder Boot, and file download manager bootmgr.
The bootmgr file is the operating system loader or in simple words- manager of a more complex tool called: "BCD Boot Configuration Store", this mechanism is a regular file called BCD and it is located in the Boot folder.
Windows 8.1 is loaded in the following sequence, the bootmgr loader processes the information available in the boot storage (BCD file), and this is the menu, display time, list of operating systems (if there are several) and so on, if the data is correct, then the operating system should be loaded . But! If at least one of the files I mentioned ( bootmgr or BCD) will be incorrect or will be completely absent, then we are provided with problems when loading the system.
Usually, recovery is done like this, they boot a computer or laptop from an installation disk or flash drive and open a command line in the initial system installation window keyboard shortcut Shift+F10
And enter the following commands in sequence:
bootrec /FixMbr– creation of a new boot entry on the system partition.
bootrec /FixBoot– creation of a new boot sector.
bootrec /ScanOS– search on all drives installed systems Windows.
bootrec /RebuildBcd- finds all installed Windows operating systems on your computer and will offer to add information about them to the BCD boot store, we just need to agree and press on the keyboard Y.
In what cases can the above commands help. For example, you did not follow the well-known rule to install the older system first (Windows XP), and then the younger one ( Windows 8.1) and did the opposite, first installed on your Windows computer 8.1 and then Windows XP or Linux, so after installation it will boot Linux only or XP, since they overwrote the boot files to themselves, created a new boot record and a new boot sector.In this case, entering the above commands will fix Windows 8.1 booting.
Pay attention to screenshots. After installing Windows XP as a second system on a Windows 8.1 computer in a hiddensection System Reserved (Reserved by the system), belonging to the eight, registered boot files XP: boot.ini, ntldr, ntdetect.com, which now rule the boot.
In more complex situations, these commands: bootrec /FixMbr, bootrec /FixBoot may not help and will have to act differently. For example, inLet's take our reader's mistake:
"An operating system was not found" (Operating system not found)
or there is another bad error:
W indows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause.
If you do not have this disc, contact your system administrator or computer manufacturer for assistance.
file:\boot\BCD
status: 0xc000000f
Both of these errors indicate that the filedownload storagesThere is no BCD at all or it is absolutely incorrect, this happens due to the destructive actions of the virus, file system errors, the presence of bad sectors on the hard disk, the installation of non-original Windows assembly curves, etc. If you download such a computer or laptop from the rescue disk Microsoft DaRT, you can see that there is no file in the root of the hidden System Reserved partition bootmgr and the Boot folder containing the boot storage (BCD file) or the Boot folder is there, but the BCD file is not in it. 
Method number 1
Rebuilding BCD Boot Storage Files
We boot a computer or laptop from an installation USB flash drive or disk with Windows 8.1, open the command line with the keyboard shortcut Shift + F10.
In the Windows 8.1 recovery environment, first determine the drive letter of the operating system.
We enter the command:
diskpart
list volume
You can see that the DVD-ROM is assigned the letter (G:), and the hidden partition System Reserved, 350 MB, is assigned the letter (C:). This means that the operating system files with the Windows and Program Files folders are located on the next partition (E :), you can also navigate by the volume of the disk.
Exit diskpart, enter
exit
Run the following command
bcdboot.exe E:\Windows (where E: is the partition with Windows 8.1 installed)
This command will recreate the Windows 8.1 bootloader, namely the bootmgr file and the Boot Storage Configuration (BCD) files, that is, the entire contents of the Boot!
After that, your Windows 8.1 will definitely boot
Method number 2
We format the hidden partition System Reserved (Reserved by the system, volume 350 MB) and create it again.
Friends, we have a similar situation, we have a computer with Windows 8.1 (normal BIOS).
Operating system installed on a solid state SSD drive and doesn't load.
Boot into the recovery environment and enter the commands:
diskpart
lis vol (display all partitions of drives connected to the computer in the list).
sel vol 1 (Volume 1, this is our hidden System Reserved partition, select it with this command).
format fs=NTFS (we format it in file system NTFS).
exit
bcdboot D:\Windows System Reserved
The download files have been successfully created.
Method number 3
We delete the hidden partition System Reserved (Reserved by the system, volume 350 MB) and create it again.
In some cases, formatting the hidden System Reserved partition with the system boot files will not help, then it must be deleted and recreated.
Boot into the recovery environment and enter the commands:
diskpart
lis vol
sel vol 1 (Volume 1, this is our hidden System Reserved partition, select it with this command).
del vol (delete it forming unallocated space on the hard drive)
lis dis (displays a list of disks connected to the computer)
sel dis 0 (select a single Disk 0)
create par primary size=350 (re-create hidden partition System Reserved).
format fs=NTFS (We format it in the NTFS file system).
activ (make it active).
assign (assign a letter).
lis vol (we display all partitions of drives connected to the computer in the list).
exit
bcdboot D:\Windows (re-create boot files on a hidden partition System Reserved for Windows 8.1 because the drive letter of the operating system in the recovery environment is (D:)).
First, create a folder at the root of the drive (C:) and call it bacup. Open command prompt as administrator and enter the command:
bcdedit /export C:\bacup\bcd
in the folder bacup creates a backup of the BCD boot store.
Now let's imagine that our Windows 8.1 has problems and it won't boot.
To restore the boot store, we need to boot from the installation disk, or Windows flash drives 8.1. In the initial installation window, open the command line with the keyboard shortcut Shift + F10.
First, we determine the drive letter with the operating system.
We enter the command:
diskpart
list volume
The DVD-ROM is assigned the letter (G:), the hidden partition Reserved by the system is assigned the letter (C:). So the Win 8.1 files are on (E:).
Exit diskpart
exit
Run the following command
bcdedit /import E:\bacup\bcd
