When you are typing and editing text, you need to monitor not only the content of the document and the absence of errors in it, but also its readability. The same text in a document can be presented in completely different ways. On fig. 4.1 and 4.2 shows a document containing the same text, but in fig. 4.1 it is beautifully designed, and in fig. 4.2 just typed. Naturally, in the first case, the text is much easier to read, since headings, list markers are immediately visible, you can quickly find necessary information. Styling may include highlighting text by changing the size, typeface, and style of the font, inserting lists, and centering the page. All these and other text formatting options are commonly referred to as formatting.

Rice. 4.1. Text with formatting

Rice. 4.2. Text without formatting

Word contains a large number of formatting tools with which you can significantly improve the appearance of documents on the screen and when printed. A well-formed document will facilitate visual perception, and properly highlighted sections of text will indicate what you need to focus on. At the same time, poorly chosen formatting can lead to misunderstanding of the content of the document. A document overloaded with formatting elements will only make it difficult to read, so when designing, you should always stick to the golden mean. There are a few rules to follow when choosing formatting options:

Choose a typeface that matches the style of the text;

Do not use more than three typefaces and four styles in one document;

Do not select more than four font sizes for a single document.

4.2. Font options

The most common formatting is done by changing font attributes. The easiest way to draw attention to a word in text is to make it bold or italic. These attributes are called font weight. In addition to them, the font has other attributes, such as size (point size) and typeface.

Text formatting can be done both during typing and after it has been completed. Remember that if you want to format the typed text, then it must be selected. The only exception is the formatting of one word - for its design it is enough to place the cursor in it.

The text decoration options that are related to the font are collected in the Font dialog box. To open it, do one of the following:

Click on the button located in the Font group of the Home tab on the ribbon (Fig. 4.3);

Rice. 4.3. Font window open button

Press the key combination Ctrl+D;

Select the Font command in the context menu (Fig. 4.4).

Rice. 4.4. Selecting the Font command from the context menu

The Font dialog box has two tabs: Font and Spacing. Let's take a look at the available options.

Using the Font tab (Fig. 4.5), you can select the text color, change the font style (regular, italic, bold, bold italic), set the size and color of characters.

Rice. 4.5. Font tab of the window with the same name

The Spacing tab (Fig. 4.6) helps to determine the spacing between characters in a font. Depending on the selected option, the font can be condensed, regular, and sparse. On the same tab, you can select the scale at which the characters become wider or narrower (if more than 100%, then the text is stretched, if less, it is compressed).

Rice. 4.6. Spacing tab of the Font window

4.3. Home tab font group

You can change the font settings using not only the Font tab of the window of the same name. In many cases, it is much more convenient to use the tools in the Font group of the Home tab on the ribbon (Fig. 4.7).

Rice. 4.7. Home tab font group

Using the buttons of the Font group, you can perform all the basic actions for decorating text:

Change the font style - make it bold

cursive

underlined

crossed out

If you click on the triangle to the right of the Underline button, a list will appear in which you can select the type, thickness and color of the underline line (Fig. 4.8);

Rice. 4.8. List of underline options

Create subscripts

and superscript

change case

When you click on the triangle to the right of the button, a menu appears from which you can select the desired action (Fig. 4.9);

Rice. 4.9. Register button menu

Highlight text with color

(can be compared with highlighting text on a sheet of paper with a marker) and set the font color

If you click on the triangles to the right of the buttons, a list of available colors will appear,

goods (Fig. 4.10);

Rice. 4.10. List of available font colors

Set the typeface (type) of the font (Fig. 4.11). The most common typefaces are Times New Roman, Arial, Courier New;

Rice. 4.11. List of typefaces

Choose the size (size) of the font (Fig. 4.12);

Rice. 4.12. List of font sizes

Increase

or reduce

font size in increments of one point;

Clear the format, that is, remove the design

4.4. Paragraph formatting

In the previous section, you were introduced to character formatting tools. Word also has special features for decorating text within paragraphs: alignment, line spacing, and indents. With these characteristics, you can quickly give the text a neat look. Formatting operations with paragraphs, as well as with other text elements, are performed only after their preliminary selection.

alignment

Aligning text on a page is one of the most important formatting operations. With the help of alignment, you can, for example, place the title of the text in the middle of the page, and the signature at the end of the letter - on the right edge. Many novice users repeatedly press the spacebar for such tasks, however, with the help of alignment, it is easier, faster and more correct to control the placement of text on the page.

In Word, you can align text:

Left - used in Word documents default;

Centered - most often used for headings;

Right - this is how signatures in letters and business documents, as well as subheadings, are usually aligned;

Justified - most often used in documents intended for printing and subsequent reading (a document justified in width looks neater on a sheet of paper, it is easier to read). This aligns the text to the left and right, and increases the spaces between words.

To align the entire paragraph, it is not necessary to select it, just place the cursor in its any place. To align a certain section of text, you need to select it.

The alignment of all text or individual paragraphs can be changed in several ways:

Using the corresponding buttons in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon:

・On the left side

・Centered

・Aligned to the right

・In width

Using the Alignment list of the Paragraph dialog box (Fig. 4.13).

Rice. 4.13. Dialog Box Paragraph, List Alignment

This window can be called up by clicking on the button to open the window in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon (Fig. 4.14) or by executing the Paragraph command context menu, which appears when you right-click anywhere in a paragraph.

Rice. 4.14. Paragraph window call button

Hyphenation

When justifying narrow blocks of text (such as columns), the spaces between words can be too large. To avoid this, you need to arrange the transfers as follows.

1. Click the Page Layout tab of the ribbon. In the Page Setup group, click the Hyphenation button (Fig. 4.15).

Rice. 4.15. Hyphenation button menu

2. Execute the Auto command in the menu. As a result, hyphens will be placed automatically throughout the document.

3. If necessary, configure the hyphenation settings in the Hyphenation window (Fig. 4.16), which opens when you execute the Hyphenation Options command from the menu of the Hyphenation button.

Rice. 4.16. Hyphenation Dialog Box

Interval

Line spacing is the vertical distance between lines of text within a paragraph. By default in Microsoft Word single spacing is used. However, depending on the type of document, it can be changed. For example, for some types scientific works the standard is one and a half spacing.

To change the interval, do the following.

1. Open the Paragraph window by clicking on the corresponding button of the Paragraph group (see Figure 4.14), and go to the Indents and Spacing tab.

2. Select one of the line spacing options in the Spacing area (Fig. 4.17).

Rice. 4.17. Spacing selection in the Paragraph dialog box

The following spacing types are available in Word.

Single - spacing for each line depending on largest character lines. The amount of extra spacing over the font size depends on the typeface used.

1.5 lines - an interval one and a half times larger than a single one.

Double - an interval twice the size of a single interval.

Minimum - spacing for large font sizes or graphics that do not fit other spacings.

Precise - a fixed line spacing that is the same for all lines. Its value is set by the user.

Multiplier – line spacing that increases or decreases according to the specified multiplier. For example, if the multiplier value is 1.4, this means a 40% increase in the interval. If the multiplier value is 0.6, this means a decrease in it by 40%. Setting a multiplier of 1.5 is equivalent to setting one and a half intervals.

If you select the interval types Minimum, Exact, and Multiplier, the value is specified in the value field of the Interval area.

The most commonly used spacing can be changed without opening the Paragraph window. To do this, you can use the Line spacing button in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon (Fig. 4.18).

Rice. 4.18. Button list Line spacing

Indents and protrusions

An indent is the distance between text and the left or right margin of a page. You can adjust the indent manually using a horizontal ruler (how to turn on the display, see the "Ruler" section of Section 1.4).

Indentations can be divided into three types:

Indent left - sets the position of the entire paragraph relative to the left margin of the page, to change it, use the marker shown in Fig. 4.19;

Rice. 4.19. Indent Marker Left

Indent to the right - sets the position of the entire paragraph relative to the right margin of the page, to change it, use the marker shown in Fig. 4.20;

Rice. 4.20. Right Indent Marker

First line indent - determines the position of the first line of the paragraph, to change it, use the marker shown in Fig. 4.21.

Rice. 4.21. First line indent marker

Overhangs can be used along with indents. An indent moves text to the left of the original line of text without extending past the first line of a paragraph. Usually, protrusions are used when creating numbered and bulleted lists, indexes. To install the protrusion, use the marker (Fig. 4.22).

Rice. 4.22. Protrusion marker

You can adjust indents and protrusions not only using the horizontal ruler, but also in the Paragraph dialog box. To do this, do the following.

1. Select the paragraph for which you want to set the formatting.

2. Open the Paragraph window by clicking on the corresponding button of the Paragraph group (see Figure 4.14). Click the Indents & Spacing tab.

3. To set the right and left indents, enter the value of the right indent in the Right field and the left indent in the Left field of the Indent area (Fig. 4.23). The indent can have not only a positive but also a negative value. If you specify a negative indent value, the text will be placed in the right or left margin.

Rice. 4.23. Setting indents in the Paragraph window

4. To set an indent or indent for the first line, select Indent or Indent from the First Line list and enter a value in the On field.

5. Press the OK button to confirm the changes.

You can also use:

Tab key on the keyboard;

Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+M (to set indent) and Ctrl+Shift+M (to remove indent);

Buttons Increase indent

to set indent and Decrease indent

to remove the indent, which are in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon. Using them, it is impossible to set a negative indent value.

initial letter

Drop caps allow you to draw the user's attention to paragraphs. Word allows you to create drop caps that can span from one to ten lines of text. Drop caps are independent objects placed in a frame, so they can be moved, resized and separately formatted.

To add a drop cap do the following.

2. Place the cursor anywhere in the paragraph whose first letter you want to format.

3. Switch to the Insert tab on the ribbon and click the Drop Cap button. A menu will appear (Fig. 4.24).

Rice. 4.24. List of button commands

4. Select one of the types of drop caps in the menu:

In the text - the drop cap will be aligned to the left (Fig. 4.25);

Rice. 4.25. Position of the drop cap In the text

On the field - the initial letter will be placed on the field (Fig. 4.26).

Rice. 4.26. Drop cap position On the field

5. Set the parameters of the drop cap (font, size, distance to the text) in the Drop cap window (Fig. 4.27), which appears when the Drop cap settings command of the Drop cap button menu is executed.

Rice. 4.27. Drop cap settings window

To remove a drop cap, select No from the drop cap button menu.

Shading and text borders

To fill with color the paragraph in which the cursor is placed, or the selected text fragment, use the Fill button

which is in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon. To select a color, click the arrow to the right of the button and click on the desired color in the list that appears. When you move the mouse pointer over a cell with a color, that color is immediately displayed in the text, and you can evaluate whether it fits. In this case, the name of the color also appears in the form of a tooltip (Fig. 4.28).

Rice. 4.28. Selecting a paragraph fill color

To remove the fill, click the Fill button and select No Color from the menu that appears. Having completed in this menu command Other colors, you can set other colors for the Fill button list in the Colors window that opens.

To format text using borders, click on the arrow to the right of the border type button, which is located in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon, and select the desired option in the list that appears (Fig. 4.29). To remove borders, click the arrow to the right of the border type button and select No Border from the menu.

Rice. 4.29. Border types

4.5. Creating lists

Very often it is necessary to highlight some parts of the text visually (for example, when listing). Simply highlighting a paragraph does not give the desired effect. In this case, it makes sense to use markers or numbering. Bullets group together items related to the same topic. Numbered lists contain items that follow each other. You can easily find examples of the use of numbered and bulleted lists in this book. In addition, there are multilevel lists containing nested lists. Such lists are used in documents with a complex structure.

You can use the Bullets buttons to create numbered, bulleted, and multilevel lists.

Numbering

and multilevel list

in the Paragraph group on the Home tab of the ribbon. Simply clicking on these buttons will create a list with the last selected formatting. If you click on the triangle to the right of the button, a list with list design options will open. When you hover your mouse pointer over a list option, you will immediately see how it will look in the text (Fig. 4.30).

Rice. 4.30. Choice of list design

Numbered and bulleted lists can also be created using the Numbering (Fig. 4.31) and Markers (Fig. 4.32) commands of the context menu, which appears when you right-click on a line of the future list or on a selected fragment of text that needs to be formatted as a list.

Rice. 4.31. Creating a Numbered List Using the Context Menu

Rice. 4.32. Creating a bulleted list using the context menu

To create a list, do the following.

1. Select the desired section of text.

2. Right-click and select the desired item from the context menu, or click the required button in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon.

3. Click on the desired marker type.

Advice

You can also create a list before you start typing. Place the cursor where you want to start the list and follow the steps above. Press the Enter key to start a new paragraph and new section list.

Bulleted Lists

You can use a variety of bullet types when creating bulleted lists. The Markers button list (see Fig. 4.30) and the same-named context menu command (see Fig. 4.32) allow you to select one of the seven most commonly used markers. You can also create your own marker type. To do this, select the Define new marker command from the button list or the context menu command.

The New marker definition window (Fig. 4.33), which will appear after performing this action, allows you to set the following marker design parameters:

Symbol – design of the marker in the form of a symbol table symbol;

Picture - design of the marker in the form of a picture available in the collection of clips;

Font - the design of the marker as a text character;

Alignment - the position of the marker relative to the text.

Rice. 4.33. Dialog box Define New Marker

In the Sample area, you can see how the list will look with the given parameters.

If you right-click on a bulleted list item, a menu will appear. The context menu command Change indents in the list opens a window that allows you to change the indent of the paragraph text from the number, the position of the number, and also set the character after the number (tabulation is usually used, you can also select a space) (Fig. 4.34).

Rice. 4.34. Edit list indents window

The Change List Level command (available both for the Markers button and in the Markers submenu of the context menu) allows you to change the level of a list item. When you hover over this command with the mouse pointer, a submenu opens, in which you can select the desired list level option (Fig. 4.35).

Rice. 4.35. Command submenu Change list level

Numbered Lists

When creating numbered lists, you can use a variety of numbering types. The list of the Numbering button (Fig. 4.36) and the context menu command of the same name (see Fig. 4.31) allow you to select one of the seven most commonly used types of numbering. In addition, you can create your own numbering type. To do this, select the Define new format numbers from the button list or context menu command.

Rice. 4.36. Variants of numbered lists

The dialog box Define a new number format (Fig. 4.37), which will appear after performing this action, allows you to set the following marker design options:

Numbering – type of numbering;

Font - number design as a text symbol;

Number format - select the text that will be placed after the number;

Alignment - the position of the number relative to the text.

Rice. 4.37. New Number Format Definition window

If the document uses several numbered lists that are not interconnected, then when creating each next list, right-click on the list item that should be the first, and select the Start over from 1 command in the context menu (Fig. 4.38). If you need to continue numbering, select the Continue numbering command from the context menu.

Rice. 4.38. Setting the first list item

When executing the Set initial value command of the context menu, a window opens, with the help of which you can also start the list again or continue it, and in addition, you can specify the number from which the list will begin (Fig. 4.39).

Rice. 4.39. Set initial value window

The Change list indents and Change list level commands for a numbered list are similar to the same commands for a bulleted list (see above).

Multilevel Lists

Microsoft Word also allows you to create multi-level lists containing up to nine levels of different lists. In addition, each level can have its own marker or number.

The Multilevel List button, which is located in the Paragraph group of the Home tab on the ribbon, allows you to select one of the seven most commonly used types of multilevel lists (Fig. 4.40).

Rice. 4.40. Available types of multilevel lists

You can also create your own multilevel list type. To do this, select the Define new multilevel list command from the button list. As a result, the Define a new multilevel list window will appear. If you click the More button, advanced settings will appear (Fig. 4.41).

Rice. 4.41. New Multilevel List Definition window

The options provided in the Define New Multilevel List window are similar to those for a numbered list. However, in this case, you can choose the numbering settings separately for each level, and in addition, you can associate the list level with a specially created style (read more about styles below). To create a multilevel list style, select the Define new list style command from the menu of the Multilevel list button. As a result, a window will appear in which you can define the typeface, size, style, font color of the list number of each level.

4.6. Multicolumn text

In addition to the usual arrangement of text on paper, Microsoft Word makes it possible to arrange text in the form of columns. With this arrangement, the text is read from top to bottom, zigzag to the next column. A similar way of displaying text is widely used in newspaper and magazine articles, etc.

Multicolumn text is formatted in the same way as regular text. However, unlike regular text, in which the entire text (or a selected portion of it) is the object of editing, when editing multicolumn text, one column can serve as the formatting object.

Columns can be created using the Columns button in the Page Setup group on the Page Layout tab of the ribbon. When pressed, a list of available options appears (Fig. 4.42).

Rice. 4.42. Column button list

To create columns, do the following.

1. Switch to the Page Layout mode by clicking the button of the same name in the status bar.

2. Select the entire document or the part of it that you want to convert to columns.

3. Click the Columns button and select the desired option.

If you need to configure the column settings, select the More columns command from the Columns button menu. In the Columns window that opens, you can set the width of each column (Fig. 4.43). To do this, uncheck columns of equal width, and then set numerical values the width of each column and the spacing between them.

Rice. 4.43. Dialog Columns

You can also change the width of columns without calling the Columns window, but using the margin change markers on the horizontal ruler.

4.7. Styles and templates

As you have probably already seen from your own experience, the formatting process takes a lot of time. If you want your course project or business plan to be a pleasure to read, you have to put in a lot of effort. Styles and templates can simplify the formatting process.

Using Standard Styles

Styles are a set of formatting attributes, that is, they can include a typeface, font style and size, alignment, etc. All style formatting attributes are applied to the selected text fragment simultaneously. This is the first convenience of using styles. The second is that styles allow, having set the necessary parameters once, to use them all the time in different documents.

Word has a large number of preset styles that are most often used by users of the program. Everyone works with styles, sometimes without knowing it. Even if you didn't specify any style, the program will identify it as Normal by default.

To apply styles, use the list of so-called quick styles in the Styles group of the Home tab on the ribbon (Fig. 4.44). Several styles are visible on the ribbon (their number depends on the resolution of the monitor). To see an extended list of styles, click on the Advanced Options button (the bottom arrow to the right of the style buttons) (Fig. 4.45).

Rice. 4.44. Express Styles

Rice. 4.45. Extended list of quick styles

Quick styles are convenient because you can immediately see an example of a style and easily select the one you need. In addition, if you move the pointer over a Quick Style in the list, the selected text or the text in which the cursor is positioned will take on the selected appearance. To set the style, select the required text (if you do not select the text, the style will be applied to the paragraph in which the cursor is set) and click on the image of the desired style.

If you know exactly what style you need, and there is no need to preview it before applying, you can call up the text list of styles by clicking on the button in the lower right corner of the Styles group (Fig. 4.46).

Rice. 4.46. Button to open the Styles window

A window will appear in which a list of style names is presented (Fig. 4.47). This list also includes preview styles by checking the checkbox of the same name.

Rice. 4.47. List of style names

Distinguish between paragraph and character styles. This means that one or another style can be applied to a paragraph or to some arbitrary section of text. The paragraph style has an icon

To set the style for a paragraph, just place the cursor anywhere in it and select the desired style. Sign style has an icon

To set a style for an arbitrary section of text, select it and select the desired style. There is also an associated style that affects both the paragraph and the characters in the paragraph at the same time (such as heading styles). It has an icon

In addition, there are styles for lists and tables (read about tables in Chapter 5).

If you do not take into account the Normal style, we can say that most often heading styles are used in Word. Their peculiarity is that if a paragraph is assigned one of the heading styles, the next one will automatically be assigned the Normal style. There are only seven such styles in the program. Using these styles, you can structure the text and highlight headings according to their importance.

By default, a set of template styles is loaded into the program. If necessary, you can open a different set of styles (for example, Word 2003, Strong, Script, Modern, Artistic).

Each of them contains styles, united by a similar design. To change the style set, click the Change Styles button in the Styles group of the Home tab on the ribbon, execute the Style Set command, and in the menu that appears, click the name of the desired set (Fig. 4.48).

Rice. 4.48. List of style sets

In addition, using the Edit Styles button menu, you can choose the color and font design of the style set.

Creating Custom Styles

Although the number of preset styles increases with each version of Word, it is very likely that you will not find among them exactly what you need in this moment. For this reason, Microsoft Word also provides the ability to create custom styles.

Styles can be created in several ways:

Using formatted text;

Converting existing styles;

By setting all formatting settings manually.

Let's consider the first method in more detail.

If you have text whose design is a reference, you can create a style based on it. You can apply the created style anywhere in the document you are working with, as well as in other files.

To create a style based on formatted text, do the following.

1. Select the text that serves as a sample.

2. Right-click on the selected text and choose Styles > Save Selection as New Quick Style from the context menu.

3. In the window that opens (Fig. 4.49) enter the name of the style.

Rice. 4.49. Create Style window

4. If you want to change any appearance settings, click the Change button. In the Style creation window, you can select the desired settings (Fig. 4.50).

Rice. 4.50. Create Style window

5. If you want to use the created style not only in the active document, but also in all documents, set the switch at the bottom of the window to In new documents using this template.

6. Click OK to confirm the creation of the new style. You will see that it has taken its place in the Quick Styles list (Figure 4.51).

Rice. 4.51. New Style in Quick Style List

Create documents using templates

Another way to simplify the formatting procedure is to use templates. Unlike style, except for the types of formatting, sample usually includes certain sections of text that the user simply supplements with their data. Among the templates included in the standard delivery of Microsoft Word are templates for creating resumes, letters, faxes, etc. Templates can significantly speed up the preparation of various types of documents.

By default, Word loads the Normal template, and it is in it that most users of the program work. To access other templates, click the Office Button and choose New. In the window that opens for creating a new document, go to the section Installed templates(Fig. 4.52).

Rice. 4.52. List of templates

Using templates is very simple: just select the one you need from the list, click on it and click the Create button. Each template has usage hints (Figure 4.53). It can be a short instruction at the end of the document or inscriptions like “Enter your company name here” in the text itself. All such hints must be replaced with appropriate text. Templates can be used in whole or in part.

Rice. 4.53. Standard Resume Template in Word Window

Advice

You don't need to search for templates that you use frequently by going to the Installed Templates section. The program displays them in the Recently used templates section of the document creation window.

In addition to the templates that come with Word 2007, you can use templates from the Microsoft website (you must be connected to the Internet). To do this, go to any section of the Microsoft Office Online area, select the desired template (loading the list may take some time) and click the Download button (Fig. 4.54).

Create custom templates

Templates can save you a lot of time. For example, if you constantly work with an organization and enter a standard greeting, details, etc. every time, it will be convenient to create your own template based on any standard one. To do this, do the following.

1. Open a document that will serve as a template.

2. Click the Office button and select Save As > Word template.

3. In the file saving window that appears, check that Word Template is selected in the File Type list. Enter a template name and select a folder to save.

When creating a template, enter only general information, which you need in every document based on this template. For example, when creating a template for a business letter, you should not type data that can change, otherwise every time you want to use your template, you will have to delete them and enter new ones. Rather, create a template that contains only an address and a greeting, and then, taking it as a basis, proceed to current affairs.

4.8. Document Topics

Word 2007 has a new tool for quickly formatting texts - the subject of the document. Essentially, a theme is a collection of different types of styles that work together harmoniously.

This allows document themes to quickly change the formatting of text, tables, and special elements that appear in a document. In this case, all components will be framed in uniform style, and you don't have to think about whether the title fits the text and whether you need to increase the line spacing.

You can choose a document theme before you start creating a document, or you can apply it to finished text. To do this, go to the Page Layout tab and expand the Themes list by clicking on the button in the group of the same name on the ribbon (Fig. 4.55).

Rice. 4.55. List of document topics

If there is text in the document window, you can see the changes by simply hovering over the topic in the list of topics, so you don't have to click on the topic name to see the changes. A document theme contains three main components: a set of colors, a set of fonts for headings and body text, and a set of lines and fills. After specifying a theme in the library, you can change its components by selecting the desired options from the Theme Colors button menu

Theme fonts

and Theme Effects

If you have changed the theme and want to save it, select the Save current theme command from the Themes button menu (see Figure 4.55). After that, choose a suitable name for the theme and save it. It will appear in the Themes button menu and will be available in the Custom group.

You can also download new themes from Office Online. To go to the appropriate web page, select More Topics from the Office Online site. The site page will open (Fig. 4.56).

Rice. 4.56. Document topics on Office Online

4.9. Mini toolbar

Some of the most used formatting commands discussed in this chapter have been moved to the mini toolbar in Word 2007. It appears to the right of the mouse pointer when text is selected as a translucent panel. When you move the mouse pointer over it, it becomes more visible (Fig. 4.57). It also appears along with the context menu when right-clicking on text. You may have already seen it in various context menu illustrations throughout the book.

Rice. 4.57. Mini toolbar

Using the mini toolbar, you can set the typeface, size, color, bold or italic font, center text, set highlight color, assign a style from the Quick Styles list, increase or decrease indentation, and create a bulleted list from selected paragraphs .

If the mini-panel bothers you, then you can turn it off. To do this, click on the Office button and in the menu that appears, click the button Word Options. In the General section of the Word Options window that opens, clear the Show mini toolbar when selected check box.

Advice

If you have any questions related to the topics discussed in this chapter, please refer to Sec. 11.3 - perhaps you will find the answer to your question.

Everyone who works with text documents in the office Word editor, knows that the readability and appearance of typed text often plays a paramount role in the perception of the material and the document as a whole. For this, the so-called formatting is used. Next, it will be shown how to format text in Word using a few simple rules. These tips will be useful to everyone, without exception, and created document will look more presentable.

What does "Format text in Word" mean?

Let's start with the concept of text formatting. What it is? Roughly speaking, this is the design of the material in such a way that it is easily perceived visually when reading.

Agree, because not everyone perceives small or too large letters. The same applies to moments when, for example, some main points are not highlighted, and the reader can simply lose the main idea of ​​the content. All sorts of tricky fonts can also make text completely unreadable, not to mention the use of colors or fills (if absolutely not necessary) and the absence of paragraphs when the text turns out to be “crumpled”.

How to format the text in Word correctly and what to pay attention to first of all?

So, what kind of design tools are available in the editor itself? Speaking about how to format text in Word, among the fundamental principles of processing are the following:

• font design (type, size, case, spacing between letters and symbols, color, fill, etc.);
• text alignment on the page;
• setting paragraphs and indents;
• assigning document page parameters;
• text processing with the creation of additional design elements (headers, columns, footers, lists).

Working with fonts

Let's start with the simplest - setting the font options. How to format text in Word using this toolkit? Very simple. To do this, in the editor (if we do not take into account the main menu sections of the main panel), all the necessary tools are placed on the toolbar and are located in a special section with buttons and drop-down menus.

In principle, the question of how to format text in Word 2007, 2003, 2010, 2013 or 2016 is solved quite simply in all versions. To begin with, select the desired font from the drop-down list (for example, Times New Roman), then set the font size from the same list (it is better to use 12 or 14).

After that, by pressing the selection buttons, you can set its type (bold, italic, underlined, strikethrough). A little to the right there are buttons for changing the color of the font itself or its background fill. You should not get carried away with the use of such design, but use it only in extreme cases, when it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the content. The same applies to setting the previous parameters.

Text alignment

The next step is to set the text alignment options. By default, the editor is left-aligned. But this position of the text for reading is not always convenient.

There are four main buttons on the toolbar for setting the alignment:

• along the left edge;
• in the center;
• along the right edge;
• in width.

Alignment to the edges or to the center is usually used in the case of creating "caps" or setting a place, say, for a signature in a contract. The most convenient is when the first and last letters of each line are located at the same distance from the edge of the page, not counting paragraphs. How to format text to width in Word? Yes, just select the desired fragment and click the appropriate button. It can also be pressed in the event that text entry is only supposed to be carried out (empty line).

Setting padding

Now you need to select paragraphs or red lines. In the simplest case, when entering text from the red line, you can use the Tab key (Tab), for which the horizontal indent is usually set to 1.25 cm by default.

You can change it and additional parameters by moving the slider in the form of triangles and corners on the horizontal ruler (but only when the corresponding document display mode is active).

Pay attention to the view buttons located on the panel in its right part. To quickly set vertical spacing, you can use the preset view settings (for example, no spacing, normal, titles, etc.).

In the case when you want to apply strictly defined parameters, in Word versions 2010 and higher, you must use the "Layout" menu and the paragraph spacing section. Here, all custom indents can be specified manually. Particular attention should be paid to the line spacing menu. Many users who once typed diplomas in the editor know that the requirements indicate a one and a half interval, which you can select from the drop-down list or set the value yourself.

Page settings

Another point in considering how to format text in Word is related to setting the parameters of the page itself, which can be accessed in the latest versions of the editor through the design menu with a choice of margins, orientation or sheet size.

Typically, when creating documents, A4 is used with portrait (vertical) orientation. When choosing the desired values, these parameters can be changed at your discretion. As for setting the margins, returning to the question of the design of theses, it is required to set the left margin 3 cm, the right margin 2 cm, the top and bottom margins 1.5 cm. If there are no requirements, as such, the default values ​​​​can be left alone or changed them, depending on your preference.

In the design section for the page, you can apply borders and watering, change color, or apply special themes (unless the document was created or opened in compatibility mode with saving the file in the DOC format of older versions of the editor, and not in the DOCX format current version programs).

Headings, lists, columns and footers

Selecting headings can be quite simple, using the buttons on the main panel, where you can select the desired view from several built-in templates.

When creating lists, special buttons for setting bullets, numbering, or are used. For each, there is an expandable menu in which you can select a specific template or configure the list display options yourself.

Headers and footers in which the text you enter appears on each page can be set from the insert menu (top or bottom). Their parameters can also be changed. There are also tools for inserting page numbers, notes, links, etc. (if provided by the document structure).

Format Painter

Finally, let's assume that you have formatted a piece of text or a specific section that you want. The editor has an interesting possibility of using formatting according to the sample.

The button for its use is on the panel if the main menu is used. It is enough just to select the desired fragment of text, click on the button (it will turn into a brush with a pointer), then move the cursor to another fragment and press the left mouse button. After that, the format will be applied without changing the text content of the fragment.

Note: You can also use all sorts of templates, styles, and many other tools that are not discussed in detail here, since the emphasis was on manual formatting.

Working with text fragments: selection, copying, moving, deleting. Character formatting. Initial letter. Paragraph formatting. Page formatting. Headers and footers. Document sections. Formatting styles.

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Topic 2. Formatting documents.

1. Working with text fragments: selection, copying, moving, deleting.
2. Character formatting. Initial letter.
3. Paragraph formatting.
4. Page formatting. Headers and footers. Document sections.
5. Formatting styles.
6. Arranging text in multiple columns.

2.1. Working with text fragments: selection, copying, moving, deleting.

Fragment is a part of the text specified (highlighted) by the user.

The minimum size of a fragment is one character, the maximum is the entire text of the document.

Selection can be made either with the mouse or with the keyboard.

Selection using the keyboard:

Required to allocate	Keyboard shortcut
One or more characters	Holding down a key Shift , press the key right arrow until the required characters are highlighted.
Fragment of text from the cursor to the end of the line	Shift + E nd.
Fragment of text from the cursor to the beginning of the line	Shift + Home .
Word after cursor	With trl + shift + right arrow.
Word before cursor	With trl + shift + left arrow.
A piece of text from the cursor to the end of the paragraph	With trl + shift + down arrow.
A piece of text from the cursor to the beginning of the paragraph	With trl + shift + up arrow.
A piece of text from the cursor to the end of the document	With trl + Shift + End .
A piece of text from the cursor to the beginning of the document	With trl + Shift + Home .
Whole Document	With trl + a. Ribbon Home  Select  Select All.

Selection with the mouse:

Required to allocate	Need to do
Word	Specify the desired word and double-click the left button.
Line	Move the mouse pointer to the left margin so that it turns into an arrow, place this arrow next to the line and click the left button once
Offer	Click on the desired sentence while holding down the key with trl.
Paragraph	Triple left-click on a paragraph. double click next to that paragraph in the selection bar.
Any Fragment	Place the mouse pointer in the corner of the selected fragment and stretch the selection area.
Whole Document	Triple click in the selection bar.

To select a block fragment, place the cursor in any corner of the block, press the key alt and, without releasing it, stretch the area. To select several non-contiguous fragments, you can use any method, but at the same time press the key Ctrl .

The selected text fragment can be deleted (keys Delete or Backspace ), cut or copy to clipboard.

You can copy or move a fragment through the clipboard or with the mouse.

The algorithm for copying (moving) using the clipboard:

1. Select the fragment to be copied (moved).
2. Place it on the clipboard. It can be done different ways:
3. Set the cursor to the copy location.
4. Paste cursor from clipboard:

The contents of the clipboard are saved during the session or until a new piece of information is placed in it. AT Microsoft Word 2007 clipboard contains 24 cells. You can view their content by clicking the button. Clipboard on the Home ribbon.

To move a fragment with the mouse, just select it and drag it to the desired location while holding down the left button.

To copy a fragment with the mouse, you need to select it and drag it with the right mouse button pressed. From the proposed context menu, select Next Copy .

There are cases when the selected text fragment can be erroneously destroyed. In editor Word has button (Undo) located on the panel quick access. By clicking this button, you can sequentially return to the previous states of the document.

2.2. Character formatting. Initial letter.

Any document can be represented as a collection of some interconnected objects. Each object has a certain set of properties (attributes) inherent only to it. Depending on the set values ​​of these attributes, the object may look different in the document.

Word allows formatting in two ways:

1) either after typing;

2) or set the necessary design attributes before the typing process.

The first option requires:

1. specify (highlight) a text fragment for which new design parameters will be set;
2. set the values ​​of the design attributes through the section commands Ribbon font Home or by calling the Font window using the context menu.

The second option involves the following sequence of formatting operations:

1. type text until a special design is required for the next input fragment;
2. set new design options;
3. continue typing; the set character format will be applied to all entered characters, the set paragraphing attributes will be applied to a paragraph of text;
4. after completing the set, disable the installed special formatting.

Symbol is the main graphical unit of text. It is the sequence of characters that forms the text. The symbol has the following attributes:

• type of font (typeface);
• font size (size);
• style (regular, bold, italic, or underline);
• color (background and the symbol itself);
• index (position relative to the reference line of the line);
• kerning (changing the size of letter spacing between adjacent letters to improve appearance and readability of the text)
• visual effects(modification and animation).

All formatting operations are applicable only to selected objects.

Font a set of graphic images of letters of a particular alphabet and all the signs and numbers related to it. Fonts are also called typefaces. They can be divided according to some criteria into the following types:

1) Matrix (bitmap) fontscreated by the so-called bitmap method. A file with this font stores bitmaps of each character inside a fixed-size grid of dots. The disadvantages of matrix fonts include a significant deterioration in image quality when changing the font size, its scaling. The contours of the letters take on a stepped shape, a so-called stair effect occurs.

Scalable (vector) fontsdo not have this disadvantage. The way to create such fonts is to encode the outline of the character in the form of straight and curved lines. Scalable fonts are often referred to as fonts. True Toure. Distinctive feature such fonts in the list of fonts in the Font field on the Formatting toolbar, they are preceded by a monogram consisting of two letters T.

2) In appearance, fonts can be serifs (with serifs) and chopped . Serif fonts (for example, T imes New Roman ) have small serif flags at the ends. The direct appointment of serifs increase the readability of the text, since while reading, the eye is more easily fixed on the line. Serrated fonts (for example, A real ) have smooth, rounded letters and are designed to highlight headings in a document. In addition to those named, there are so-called special typefaces that can be used to imitate handwritten text (for example, freestyle script) or writing notes, formulas of chemical compounds, etc. (for example, Wingding).

3) The width of the fonts can be monospaced (e.g. Courier New ) and proportional. All letters in monospace fonts have the same width, and therefore the same number of characters will always fit in a line. In proportional fonts, each letter has a different width (for example, the letter "Ж" is wider than the letter "A"), and therefore there can be a different number of characters in a line. When using proportional fonts, remember that you cannot align text in lines using the Space key.

Not all fonts support Cyrillic display.

Font size (height, size) is the distance between the top of the high letter alphabet and the bottom of the lowest.

The font size is indicated in points (p t). 1r t = 1/72" = 0.352 mm. You can also use font sizes that are not listed (for example, 15 or 12.5).

In order to change the character style, there are buttons on the Home ribbon.

Buttons are used to change the color of the symbol and the color of the background on which this symbol is displayed.

When choosing a font for printing a document, the main criterion is its readability. The chosen font should not detract from the content of the document. Diversity can only be introduced by the text of the headings of various constituent parts document (headings).

initial letter is a beautifully designed letter at the beginning of a sentence, paragraph, section. You can create a letter with the command Initial letter on ribbon Insert.

2.3. Paragraph formatting.

The appearance of a document to a large extent depends not only on the formatting of text characters, but also on the design of paragraphs. A paragraph is one of the main structural elements of a document.

In a word processor Word a paragraph is defined as the portion of text between two keystrokes Enter . The length of a paragraph can vary. It can consist of one word, or it can take up the entire page. When drafting the text, keep in mind that very long paragraphs are difficult to read.

The paragraph has its own parameters:

• indents;
• line alignment method (left, right, center, justified);
• position on the page;
• first line indent;
• line spacing;
• spacing between paragraphs.

Paragraph formattingsetting or changing its parameters. You can format paragraphs directly when typing or after it ends. Formatting can be done using the dialog box called by the command Paragraph context menu, as well as using the section Ribbon Paragraph Home and Page layout.

In a text editor Word There are four ways to align text.

Left alignment.With it, lines start at the left edge of the page in the same position and end on the right in different positions, depending on the number of characters in the line. It is this alignment that is best used when typing.

Center alignment.Centering text is useful for headings and very short blocks of text.

Right alignment.With this method of alignment, the text is right-aligned and each new letter shifts the previous one to the left, so that the lines are perfectly right-aligned. This type of alignment is used to achieve special purposes. Sometimes this method can be used for headings as well.

Width alignment.When using this alignment method Word aligns the text, both on the right and on the left edge, inserting additional spaces between words instead of missing characters. Text formatted with justified alignment looks nice and neat. It is best to apply justification in width after all editorial changes, just before printing the document.

Four buttons are placed on the formatting toolbar, each of which corresponds to one of the above text formatting modes and any paragraph.

In order for the paragraph formatting to occur during its input, you must set the necessary parameters, and only then enter the text.

Alignment operations apply to the entire paragraph. However, there are two operations that only apply to the first line of a paragraph. These are commands Indent and Protrusion . These commands are set in the dialog box Paragraph in the First line box . Paragraph and first line indents can also be set using the horizontal ruler.

Using the coordinate ruler, you can perform such paragraph formatting operations as setting the right and left margins, setting indents and indents, and defining tab stops.

The margin is the distance between the text and the edge of the page. The paragraph indent determines the distance of the text from the margin. Indents allow you to separate the text of one paragraph from another, or visually highlight individual paragraphs in a document. Highlight the indent of the first line of the paragraph (the first line is shifted relative to other lines to the right) for paragraphs with a “red” line or with an “indent”. An indented paragraph is a paragraph in which every line except the first is indented, in other words, the first line is offset from the other lines of the paragraph to the left. This type of formatting is usually used in dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books.

The coordinate ruler is always associated with the paragraph in which the insertion point is located.

The dark part of the coordinate ruler corresponds to set fields pages.

The top slider in the form of a triangle indicates the indentation of the first line of the paragraph.

The lower slider in the form of a triangle indicates the left indent of the remaining lines of the paragraph (except for the first).

The square slider is a control that is always located below the bottom triangular handle of the left border of a paragraph. When dragging it, both markers of the left border (both top and bottom) move along with maintaining their position relative to each other. This special paragraph design can be used in the design of epigraphs, quotations, etc.

The right slider indicates the right border of the paragraph.

The light part of the ruler indicates the size of the working area of ​​the document. Slider should be placed only within the light area of ​​the coordinate ruler.

To set additional paragraph attributes, such as line spacing and paragraph indentation, you must call the dialog box Paragraph using the context menu.

Line spacing(or leading) is the distance between lines in a paragraph. Interval value equal to 1/6 inch or 12 r t .

Increasing the line spacing makes it easy to read longer lines, i.e. allows you to use a smaller font size. The value of the line spacing is specified either in lines or in points for a more precise setting.

When using text taken from the Internet, you should pay attention to the spacing between paragraphs (0 pt).

Also on the tabPosition on the pageyou can enable or disable the following options: prohibition of orphan lines, do not break a paragraph, do not tear off from the next, from a new page.

In long documents, most paragraphs are formatted the same way. More specifically, there are usually multiple paragraph styles that are reused throughout a document.

Formatting a paragraph manually every time you change the text is inconvenient, especially when you consider that there is likely to already be a paragraph that is formatted the way you want. word processor Word solves this problem by allowing for custom formatting and by applying predefined formatting styles.

To perform formatting according to the sample, you need to place the cursor on the paragraph that has the desired formatting method and click on the buttonSample Format(ribbon Home ). Next, click on the paragraph whose format you want to change, and it will look exactly like the format selected as a sample.

2.4. Page formatting. Headers and footers. Document sections.

The first step in preparing a document in a word processor Microsoft Word you need to set the page parameters. These include the size and orientation of the sheet, the size of the margins, etc. When specifying the page size, they are guided by the printing device. So, an A4 sheet can be printed on any of the modern printers, while the A3 format is supported only by special modifications of printers. Page orientation can be selected as portrait (sheet height more width) or landscape (the height of the sheet is less than the width). To set page options, use the Page Layout command on the ribbon. Fields  Custom fields. This opens a dialog box. Page settings .

This window has three sections: Margins, Paper Size, Paper Source.

fields it free spaces on the page surrounding the typed text.

Their sizes can be reduced and increased at the request of the user (however, they cannot be completely destroyed, since each printer has an area inaccessible for printing, which is monitored by Windows ). The size and type of fields, as well as the position of headers and footers are set in the Fields section. Paper size and orientation are set in Paper Size.

Footer the text (graphic image) is the same for a group of pages, located outside the main text of the document in the margins of the printed page.

Distinguish between header and footer. The headers and footers include serial numbers of pages.

Page numbering is carried out either automatically or at the user's command Page number (ribbon Insert).

Headers and footers may be the same throughout the document, but may differ: on even and odd pages (dialog boxPage settings Paper Source tab), on the first and subsequent pages (dialog boxPage settings Paper Source tab) in different sections.

Chapter is a part of the document that has the specified page formatting options. To insert a new partition, you need to run the command Breaks (ribbon Page layout) and indicate where the new section should start from (from the next page, on current page, from an even page, from an odd page). Similarly, you can insert new page in section (ribbonPage layout Breaks  New Page or Page Break of the Insert tab).

To open headers and footers, run the commandsPage header or footer(tape Insert ). The text in the document will fade, and the header and footer areas and the ribbon will appear. constructor ( Working with headers and footers) . This panel contains the following buttons: page number, date (this field is automatically updated) and time ( current time), page setup as previous, header/footer, jump to previous, jump to next (jump between different types headers and footers), close, etc.

You can create a background in headers and footers. To do this, in the mode of headers and footers, a picture is inserted on the page with the wrapping set Behind the text or select the background on the ribbonPage layout.

Algorithm for creating different headers and footers for different sections:

2.5. Formatting styles.

Formatting styleis a collection of all design parameters that determine the format of a paragraph or character.

Available styles are listed in the dropdown list. Change styles located on the tape home . At the beginning of the program Word this list contains a list of default styles. When you select one of the styles presented in this list, the format of the current paragraph (the paragraph in which the cursor is located) or the format of the selection is changed.

If you want to prepare a new style for use in the document, you should select the style that will change and run the commandSave Selection as New Quick Style. In the dialog box Style creation you need to give a name to the new style and change the appearance defined by this style. If you enable the Add to quick styles list checkbox, the style being created will be added to the standard program template Word , after which this style can be used in other documents. After you define a style for a paragraph type, you just need to apply the new style and the paragraph will be automatically formatted according to the style attributes. Whenever you change the formatting attributes associated with this style, all paragraphs to which it is applied will be automatically reformatted.

The advantages of using styles over simple formatting are revealed when working on large documents with a complex structure. The main of these advantages are:

• the ability to format uniformly different parts of the document;
• the ability to quickly reformat paragraphs;
• the ability to standardize documents using previously created styles;
• the ability to create an automatic table of contents for the document.

2.6. Arranging text in multiple columns.

To split the text into columns, select it and execute the command Speakers (ribbon Page layout). In the dialog box that opens, select the number of columns. By default, they have the same width, but this can be fixed, for example, using markers on the ruler.

If several columns of text are entirely placed on one page, then the command Gap  On the current pageyou can make the columns have the same length.

In the dialog box speakers you can specify the number and type of columns, their width, the spacing between columns, and also set the separator.

Page 6

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After editing the text, you need to change its appearance, i.e. format the document or format it. Word 2007 lets you format characters, paragraphs, tables, pages, sections, and the document as a whole.

Character formatting attributes include: typeface, font size, font style (bold, italic, underline), text highlight color, text color, case, word spacing, and so on.

Paragraph formatting options include: text alignment (left or right, center, width), paragraph indents, indents of the first line of paragraphs, line spacing, background color fill, bullets and list numbering, etc.

Table formatting elements include: borders and shading (for more details, see Working with tables).

The main parameters of formatting (design) of pages: borders of the working field (margins at the top, bottom, left, right), page sizes, page orientation.

Section formatting includes creating new sections from the next page or on the current page, section headers, creating columns, and so on.

The formatting of the document as a whole is the formatting of page numbers, the design of an auto-assembled or manual table of contents, etc.

In Word 2007, the main formatting tools for text, paragraphs, and tables are placed on the Home tab. For quick manual formatting of characters (text) and paragraphs, you can use the commands in the Font and Paragraph group on the Home tab.

Rice. 2.1.4.1

In addition, formatting commands are available on the Mini Toolbar, which appears when you move the mouse pointer over a selection of text.

Rice. 2.1.4.2

It should be noted that there is another tool for quick text formatting - this is the "Format Painter" button in the "Clipboard" group on the "Home" tab, which allows you to copy the formatting settings of one fragment and transfer it to another fragment of text when it is selected.

Rice. 2.1.4.3

To quickly and simultaneously change multiple character and paragraph formatting attributes, you can use Quick Styles from the Styles group on the Home tab.

Rice. 2.1.4.4

Styles are designed to decorate the text of the document and its paragraphs. For manual formatting of characters and paragraphs, not only the buttons for quick formatting are used, but also the Font and Paragraph dialog boxes, which are activated by the buttons on the Home tab in the Font and Paragraph groups, respectively.

Text formatting step by step

By default, a new document is created in the Normal style, which means that all text looks the same. But with the help of formatting tools, you can always change the appearance of the document. To do this, select a character, fragment or paragraph and click on the required button with the mouse pointer to apply a different format.

Let's format the text document that we created and edited in the "Entering and editing the text of documents" section, a screenshot of which is shown in Figure 2.1.4.5.

Rice. 2.1.4.5

Document text formatting steps:

• open the edited document and change the style "Normal" to "No spacing", to do this, click on the "No spacing" button in the style group;
• set the font (typeface) Times New Roman, size 12 points - select all the text, move the mouse pointer over it and select the font in the Mini-toolbar that appears: Times New Roman and size 12 points;
• justify the text by width, to do this, select all the text and click on the Fit to width button in the Paragraph group;
• set the indentation of the first line, to do this, select the text, click on the Paragraph button and in the dialog box that opens, set the indentation value of the first line to 1.25 cm;
• add a heading to the text (My first document), set the heading level to it: Heading 1 and align it to the center, to do this, select the heading, click on the Heading 1 button in the styles group (the heading is formatted using the built-in heading style "Heading 1"), and then on the Center button in the Paragraph group;
• in the first paragraph, to the text fragment (My first document), assign the style - italic, underlined, for this, select the specified fragment and click on the Italic and Underline buttons;
• set the page margin sizes: top and bottom - 2 cm, left - 2.5 cm, right - 1.5 cm, for this, on the "Page Layout" tab, click on the button to launch the "Page Setup" dialog box in the "Page Setup" group .

As a result, we get the formatted text of the document, a screenshot of which is shown in Figure 2.1.4.6.

Rice. 2.1.4.6

For large documents (abstracts, term papers and theses), in addition to formatting characters, paragraphs and pages, formatting of sections and the document as a whole is performed. We will cover these steps for formatting a large document in the section: Working with large documents in Word 2007.

Large documents (structured documents containing multiple pages) tend to be divided into sections. Creating new sections from the next page or on the current page, inserting headers and footers for the previous and next sections, creating newspaper columns are all part of the document formatting steps.

Section breaks are performed on the Page Layout tab, Page Setup group, Breaks button. Inserting headers and footers is done on the Insert tab in the Header and Footer group, and working with headers and footers is done on the Design tab that appears on the Ribbon when working with headers and footers.

The formatting of the document as a whole is the formatting of page numbers, the design of an auto-assembled or manual table of contents, etc. Page numbers are inserted on the Insert tab in the Headers and Footers group. In the dialog box, you need to set the page number format options: Number Format, Include Chapter Number, Page Numbering (Continue or Start At). The table of contents is added to the document on the Links tab in the Table of contents group, the Table of contents button.

Format Operations include breaking text into lines (within a paragraph) and pages, choosing the location of paragraphs, indents and spacing between paragraphs, wrapping around individual paragraphs, as well as types and styles of fonts. These operations are performed by various word processors with varying degrees of automation. The essence of formatting lies in the ability of a word processor to change the design of a document on a page, namely:

• - change the borders of the working field, defining the fields above, below, left, right;
• - set line spacing (sparseness of lines on the page) and letter spacing in a word;
• - align text - center, press to the left or right border;
• - evenly distribute words in a line;
• - use different fonts, etc.

Text formatting. When editing a document, its content changes, and when formatting, its appearance changes. AT text editors distinguish character formatting and paragraph formatting.

At character formatting, as a rule, font parameters are set: typeface, size, style, underline type, and so on.

Typeface is a term that defines the general shape of a character. For example, the roman typeface is a common name for a whole family of classic fonts and is distinguished by serifs at the ends of letters and combinations of thick and thin lines in the character's face. This typeface is easy to read, so font designers have created many similar-looking fonts based on it, such as the Times New Roman font that comes with Windows.

For any document fragment (word, line, paragraph, sentence, or the entire document), you can set font. The concept of a font includes a combination of the following parameters:

• - font type (or typeface). It can be Times, Courier, etc.;
• - font size. Specified in points. For example: 14 pt, 16 pt, etc.;
• - style (regular, bold, italic, bold italic);
• - underlining type (single, double, wavy, etc.);
• — font color;
• - effects (superscript and subscript, strikethrough, shadow, etc.);

To set a different font, first select the fragment in which you are going to change the font. Then use the toolbar to change the font type, size, and style.

If you need to increase (decrease) the font size, then open the list of sizes and select the desired value or enter it yourself. To change the font type, expand the list of fonts and select the one you want.

You can make the selected text fragment bold, italic or underlined (in any combination) by pressing the corresponding buttons on the toolbar. With their help, the corresponding effects are removed.

In the Microsoft Word editor, finer font formatting can be performed by selecting a piece of text and selecting the Format / Font ... command. This command calls up a dialog box in which you can make all the provided font design options. Using the elements of this window, you can change not only the type and size of the font, but also all other font parameters. After making the necessary settings, press the OK key.

Most fonts, in addition to the usual characters depicted on keyboard keys, include Special symbols and icons. These characters are used when creating documents of a scientific or technical nature, as well as when working with languages ​​other than English. Since there are no such characters on the keyboard, Word has a dialog box for inserting them.

Paragraph formatting

Formatting is often applied to a paragraph.

Paragraph - a piece of text, the input process of which ended by pressing the Enter key. The paragraph is a key element in document structure for many word processors (although there are others, such as sections in Microsoft Word).

Paragraph formatting operations include setting paragraph boundaries and paragraph indents, alignment, and enabling word wrapping.

Setting paragraph boundaries produced using the indent markers located on the coordinate ruler, or the corresponding menu commands.

alignment(cutout). There are four types of horizontal (left, right, center, width) and three types vertical alignment(up, down, height).

Transfer. When the automatic wrapping mode is off, a word that does not fit on a line is completely wrapped to the next line. This will not add elegance to the text; its right edge remains uneven. To improve the appearance of text, wrap mode is used. With the manual transfer option, the user himself determines the place of transfer by entering a hyphen, and with a hard carriage return (by pressing the Enter key) moves to the next line. Using this hyphenation mode results in the need to remove hyphens when re-formatting document text.

When the automatic hyphenation mode is enabled, a soft hyphenation option is implemented: the word processor itself divides the word into a slot and wraps it in the best possible way. This mode does not create any difficulties when re-formatting.