What is network stack in BIOS. Disabling Boot to Network

or U nified E xtensible F irmware I ninterface is a firmware built into the motherboard. Replaced BIOS. Like the latter, it controls the equipment at a low level and makes it possible to perform initial setup start the computer.

Main features of the new system:

Built-in download manager.
Availability of a graphical interface for configuration.
Support for loading operating systems (OS) from GPT disks.
Storing dumps after a failure in NVRAM (if possible from the OS).

UEFI may interfere with booting your computer from a flash drive or installing earlier versions of Windows (7 and below) and Linux. In this case, you can turn it off. To do this, in UEFI you need to switch it to Legacy mode or disable Secure Boot.

To determine the type of firmware (BIOS or UEFI), just go to its settings and look at appearance. If there is a graphical interface with the ability to configure using the mouse, it indicates the use of UEFI. The presence of an option with the Legacy boot type will also indicate this. Another way is to open in Windows file C:\Windows\Panther\setupact.log and find the words BIOS or UEFI in it.

More details about UEFI on Wikipedia

In this article we will get acquainted with the concept of UEFI and the use of this technology in Windows 8. What is this technology UEFI? The abbreviation UEFI stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface(unified extensible firmware interface). This technology is designed to transform the traditional computer boot system and should replace the outdated system BIOS. However, this is not just a modernization of old technology, but a fundamentally new approach to the technology of booting a computer and running the OS. In fact, UEFI has virtually nothing to do with the PC BIOS system.

If BIOS is a code (hard and virtually unchangeable) stitched into a special BIOS chip on system board, then UEFI is a flexible programmable interface located on top of all computer hardware components with their own firmware. The UEFI code (much larger than the BIOS boot code) is located in a special directory /EFI/, which can be stored in a variety of places: from a separate chip on the motherboard, to a partition on the hard drive, or network storage. In essence, UEFI is an independent lightweight operating system, which is an interface between the main OS and firmware that controls low-level hardware functions of the equipment, which must correctly initialize the equipment and transfer control to the boot loader of the main (“large”) OS installed on the computer.

UEFI includes hardware testing services, boot and test services, as well as implementations of standard communication protocols (including network ones), device drivers, functional extensions, and even its own EFI shell in which you can run your own EFI applications. Those.

What is UEFI, how to install Windows 10 (and older versions) on a computer with UEFI

already at the UEFI level you can access the Internet, or organize a backup of your hard drive using a graphical GUI familiar to users.

The UEFI specification will be used in all new motherboards ah leading manufacturers, and find new computer with a regular BIOS it will become almost impossible. Some of the most popular features of UEFI that can be implemented on a computer running it are: “secure boot” ( secure boot in Windows 8), low-level cryptography, network authentication, universal graphics drivers and much more. UEFI supports 32 and 64 bit processors and can be used on systems with Itanium, x86, x64 and ARM processors

All modern operating systems (Windows, Linux, OS X) support booting via UEFI.

However, if the use of UEFI in Mac OS X (Bootcamp boot manager) and Linux is quite superficial, in Windows 8 the advantages of the UEFI environment can already be fully used.

By the way, to be able to boot older OSes that only support BIOS, UEFI has a BIOS emulation mode called Compatibility Support Module (CSM).

What benefits can you get from sharing UEFI and Windows 8?

One of the main advantages is the opportunity secure boot(safe boot) – a technology that allows you to prevent the execution of unwanted programs during computer initialization (safe boot technology in UEFI will be discussed in more detail in a separate article).

Thanks to UEFI Windows 8 can be installed on disks with a capacity of 3 TB or larger, and, accordingly, booted from these disks. This is due to the transition from MBR partition table in (BIOS) to GPT (UEFI).

Using UEFI instead of BIOS is one of the key components that ensures Windows 8 boots quickly (UEFI code runs faster due to the fact that it was written entirely from scratch, without the need to drag along a string of ancient rules and compatibility). In addition, when reading in UEFI, a special EFI I/O block size is used, which allows reading 1 MB of data at a time (in BIOS - 64 KB). In addition, a reduction in startup time is achieved due to the fact that there is no need to search for a bootloader on all devices: the boot disk is assigned in UEFI during the OS installation stage.

So, we noted that Windows 8 supports UEFI boot, but there are a number of features:

The computer must be compatible with UEFI v2.3.1
UEFI is only supported in 64 bit Windows versions 8.
32-bit versions of Windows do not support UEFI functions (on new computers this OS will have to work in CSM emulation mode).

Windows 8 for ARM (Windows RT) will not run on hardware that does not support UEFI or allows you to disable Secure Boot

In subsequent versions of Windows (and the upcoming Windows 8 SP1), developers plan to introduce many other UEFI features, such as: Rootkit prevention (detection of rootkits during the boot process), Network authentication (boot authentication, especially relevant in remote OS deployment scenarios), etc. d.

Accessing UEFI Settings from Windows 8

It is worth noting that on new computers with Windows 8 pre-installed, which uses UEFI to get to the UEFI setup menu (replacing the old BIOS), the usual method of pressing the Delete or F2 key (or other key specified by the vendor) will not work. Because Windows 8 (especially on an SSD) loads very quickly, it is difficult to press a key during this time to enter the UEFI setup mode. It was written somewhere that Windows 8 on an SSD with UEFI waits only 200ms for a key press. Therefore, there is a procedure for calling the UEFI settings program from the boot Windows menu 8.

You can get to the Windows 8 boot menu in one of three ways:

1. In PC settings ( PC settings) select the General section ( Generel) and in the Special download options subsection ( Advanced Startup) click the Restart Now button ( Restart now)

2. The same effect can be achieved by holding down the Shift button when clicking the Restart button in the shutdown menu.

Another option for getting into the Windows boot menu is to run in command line commands shutdown.exe /r /o /f /t 00

After reboot, the menu will automatically open Windows boot 8, in which you need to select items Troubleshoot->Advanced options. There is a separate button in the advanced options window UEFI Firmware Settings, which allows you to go straight to Computer BIOS(in fact, this is UEFI, the settings in which are equivalent to the traditional BIOS of computers).

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Main advantages of UEFI.

UEFI benefits:

— increased safety when protecting pre-startup or boot processes from bootkit attacks.

— reduced loading time or recovery from hibernation;

- support for disks larger than 2.2 TB;

— support for modern device drivers with 64-bit firmware, which the system can use to draw on more than 17.2 billion gigabytes of memory at startup;

- opportunity use BIOS with UEFI hardware.

As of 2010, most modern operating systems already supported GPT. Some, including OS X and Microsoft Windows, only support booting from GPT partitions on systems running EFI firmware, but most modern distributions (such as Debian) can boot from GPT partitions on legacy systems or BIOS firmware or EFI interface.

All 64-bit computer versions for Windows control Those that qualify for the Windows certification program use UEFI instead of BIOS. To find out if your computer supports UEFI, you need to refer to the documentation that came with your computer.

The BIOS system, as old as the computer world, is being replaced by something completely new called UEFI. Unfortunately, in addition to a lot of useful innovations, UEFI will bring with it many problems.

As already mentioned, BIOS is limited to 16-bit instructions and 1 MB of addressable memory, UEFI is not limited in this way.

UEFI can operate in 32-bit and 64-bit modes, which allows you to significantly increase the volume RAM, and in turn the ability to perform more complex processes. She independent from architecture and hardware drivers.

MBR(Home boot record) due to its characteristics limits maximum size boot disk up to 2.2 TB. UEFI uses partition table GUID, which uses global unique partition address identifiers and allows booting from hard drives as large as 9.4 ZB (zetabytes). A terabyte is 1024 GB, and a zettabyte (zebibyte) is 1024x1024x1024 GB. UEFI also allows more download options, does not require special file systems and has excellent network loading capabilities. Faster loading is carried out due to the absence of the need to search for a bootloader on all disks.

More simple bootable media preparation, no recording required different boot sectors, availability own manager downloads - now it is not necessary to create a multi-level leapfrog of downloaders to organize multiboot environment, are normally stored in EFI NVRAM all records about available loaders, And switching between bootable operating systems is carried out in the same way as between bootable media. More protected boot environment. Graphic UEFI configuration mode, implemented with graphics and mouse support.

There is no limitation on 4 main partitions, and as a result, there is no need for logical partitions. Increased security - GPT stores backup copy partition tables at the end of the disk, so in case of problems it is possible to restore the partition using a spare table. Protection against damage by outdated programs using Protective MBR. It is possible to use old boot sectors.

Analogues of boot sectors in GPT are stored as follows. EFI uses to store boot loaders EFI/boot folder located in root of the FAT32 partition. By default the file should be loaded /EFI/boot/bootx64.efi. If the bootable disk is partitioned in MBR style, then the presence of a FAT32 file system on the first partition (if there are several of them) and a file with a bootloader located on the default path are the only conditions for booting from this media (CD/DVD are also supported). If the disk is partitioned in GPT style, the partition optional should be first, but he has the boot flag must be present(you can check and set via gparted).

Secure Boot - with The Secure Boot specification was developed by Microsoft as part of the UEFI project and allows you to protect the boot environment from tampering with boot files by signature control uploaded files for compliance white list keys, wired in uefi as trusted. " Side effect» Such protection against rootkits is the impossibility of installing an OS other than Windows 8 (on at the moment only it supports Secure Boot), and also excludes the possibility of starting from old mbr disks and bootable CDs/flash drives.

Fast Boot Mode - p Works only on operating systems installed on GPT markup, in the case of Windows - only Windows 8.

UEFI Shell - uh That work environment with an EFI (terminal-like) environment, which allows you to launch efi-compatible bootloaders on the go, perform simple operations with files, and also operate the built-in boot manager.

It takes much less time to boot, which is achieved using parallel initialization, unlike the BIOS, which initializes all components sequentially. It is also noteworthy that the operating system will be able to use uefi drivers rather than loading its own. For example, if you are undemanding to the graphics subsystem, you can not download, and therefore not install, new drivers, but use the drivers offered by UEFI.

UEFI is an entire interface located in the /EFI directory, which can be located on the chip, on a hard drive partition, or even on a separate removable drive. Those. Any adapted programs can be added to UEFI. It is already possible to access the Internet from under the UEFI BIOS of some manufacturers.

As a result of such a flexible approach, the UEFI system becomes something like a very lightweight, but completely independent operating system. That is, essentially, in the computer UEFI system boots first, under her control an arbitrary set of necessary actions is performed, and then the loading of the operating system itself begins (from this, by the way, it does not at all follow that the loading process becomes longer - a pre-flexibly configured system configuration can boot significantly faster).

If you look at it, UEFI itself is an operating system, it is somewhat similar to DOS, because executes text commands. It can help to understand the reasons for the failure to load the main Operating System if this happens, but only experienced users can work in it.

UEFI is sometimes called pseudo-OS, she is, however, able to access everything herself hardware computer. That is, already at the UEFI level it is quite possible, for example, to access the Internet or organize backup hard drives, and do all this in a full-fledged graphical interface under the usual “mouse” control.

All of this advanced boot data is stored on a large flash memory or hard drive, which also means there's a lot more space for things like system language localization, advanced boot-time diagnostics, useful utilities(such as archiving, recovery after a failure, scanning for virus infection) and so on.

Completely code-based, UEFI really became unified cross-platform system. Already today, UEFI specifications are included in almost any combination of 32- and 64-bit architecture chips produced by AMD, Intel and numerous ARM licensees. The only thing required to provide this versatility is compile source code to the requirements of each specific platform.

UEFI bootingstrictly in accordance with established rules. If OS does not support UEFI, BIOS emulation mode is activated. PC boot process BIOS based quite simple: after pressing the power button, the BIOS (POST test) starts, which checks the hardware status and loads the software - simple drivers for individual hardware components. The BIOS then searches for the OS bootloader and activates it. This in turn loads the operating system or displays a list of available operating systems.

UEFI based computers boot in a similar way only until you search for boot parameters. After this everything happens otherwise. UEFI has native OS bootloader With integrated launch managers installed systems. For it, a small partition (100-250 MB), formatted V file system FAT32 which is called Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition(system partition of the expandable built-in software interface, ESP). On it are drivers hardware components that can be accessed by the running operating system. The general rule is: excluding DVDs, UEFI can only boot from media formatted with the FAT32 file system.

U ESP has its advantages: thanks to UEFI drivers and the OS bootloader, Windows starts faster and responds more adequately to critical driver errors. But the interface UEFI also imposes restrictions: it allows you to install the OS only on hard drives, which are marked according to the standard GPT. The latter is not supported by any BIOS version, since, unlike the traditional markup scheme (MBR), it uses 64-bit sector addresses. In addition to Windows 8, only 64-bit versions support the UEFI interface Windows Vista and 7, as well as Linux with kernel 3.2 and higher. Moreover, for PCs certified to work with G8, Microsoft requires the use of the Secure Boot option. In this mode UEFI launches only confirmed OS loaders that contain drivers with digital signature Microsoft.

Along with Windows 8 bootloader only Shim (Linux) has drivers with the necessary signatures for Secure Boot.

They are not available in other OSes. Therefore, if you want to install Windows 7 or Vista on such a computer, in addition to G8, you need to open the UEFI menu and disable Secure Boot. If you choose a non-UEFI compatible OS as your second OS, you will need to use the Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which can be enabled in UEFI. Unfortunately, manufacturers use various UEFI version, and sometimes it's difficult to figure out how to disable Secure Boot and go to BIOS emulation mode.

Uefi - what is it? Uefi bootable flash drive. Uefi installation.

The BIOS of a personal computer, despite constant updates, “dual” implementations and other innovations, in fact, remained the most outdated component modern computers. Since the very first PCs, nothing has changed fundamentally in the BIOS. His for a long time manufacturers did not seriously touch it, fearing that the continuity of the basic functions necessary for the proper functioning of old operating systems would be disrupted.

But the old systems are a thing of the past, and those that are still in use can be run using software emulators. Therefore, there is no longer any need to fight old BIOS habits. In fact, when loading from using BIOS do not even get display of national alphabets, not to mention support network devices, optimal operating modes of equipment, convenient upgrade solutions, etc.

It’s better to start the story about what UEFI is with the history of this technology.

History of UEFI development

The history of UEFI begins in the mid-90s.

What is UEFI and how does this Windows installation mode differ from BIOS?

Even then, the capabilities of the standard BIOS were not enough for powerful server platforms. Therefore, for the first Intel-HP Itanium systems, new technology which received Intel name Boot initiative. A little later the name was changed to EFI or Extensible Firmware Interface.

The first official specification was EFI 1.02, which was released on December 12, 2000. In early 2002, specification 1.10 appeared. And already in 2005, an alliance of companies was formed under the name Unified EFI Forum or UEFI Forum, and the technology itself changed its name from EFI to UEFI. Currently, UEFI is being developed by the UEFI Forum, which includes companies such as AMD, Apple, Dell, HP, American Megatrends, IBM, Intel, Lenovo, Insyde Software, Microsoft and Phoenix Technologies. The latest UEFI specification is specification number 2.3.1, which was published by the UEFI Forum in April 2011.

Benefits of UEFI

It is obvious that UEFI is a new step in development personal computers. But what are the real advantages of using this technology instead of the good old BIOS?

UEFI allows you to boot the operating system from large hard drives. Using BIOS, you cannot boot the operating system from a hard drive larger than 2 TB.
UEFI is independent of processor architecture and can be used with both x86 and ARM architecture-based processors. While the BIOS only supports x86 processors.
UEFI allows you to use a graphical shell with mouse support, which is much more convenient than the ascetic BIOS interface. At the same time, the UEFI shell allows you to perform many tasks without using the operating system. For example, connect to local network go online.
UEFI allows you to boot the operating system much faster. Thanks to parallel testing of computer components, the time that passes from the moment the computer is turned on until the operating system starts working can be reduced to 2 seconds.
UEFI is equipped with a boot manager and allows the user to select which operating system he wants to boot. This eliminates the need to use a special mechanism for selecting the operating system within the operating system loader itself.
UEFI is equipped with new ways to protect against malware.

Good afternoon, Lisa.

You did the right thing by posting a snapshot of your BIOS. I admit that not every girl would do this, and many do not even suspect the existence of a basic system. However, it would be nice to provide additional information, which would help answer your question in more detail. More specifically, I'm interested in the following: we're talking about about a simple desktop PC or laptop/netbook; did you open system unit(in the case of a PC) and whether any manipulations were performed with hard drive and a DVD drive? This is very important point, and now I will tell you why.

DVD problem

At first glance, you are faced with one of the most common problems. The fact is that the BIOS states that it should first read information from the DVD media, and only then load other devices. This is usually done to install or reinstall the operating system (using a boot disk). This function allows you to bypass system disk, after which the computer boots using special utility. After this, it’s time to reinstall the OS.

It is worth noting that this was practiced several years ago. Starting with Windows SP3, the system (usually) automatically sets all the necessary parameters, so the user is not required to manually enter data. As you can see, the age of the computer also plays a role in your case.

Conflict with jumpers

It was not for nothing that I asked if you (or anyone else) have manipulated a hard drive or DVD drive. The fact is that both of these devices have special connectors on the back with installed jumpers - “jumpers”. These small devices (just a few millimeters) create contact in a specific circuit, causing one of the two devices to load first. These contacts come in several types, but the main ones are the following:

master(primary value);

The pin connection diagram can be found on the sticker of the hard drive (on the front panel) or DVD drive. The probability of switching “jumpers” is small, but it cannot be completely excluded.

Enabling the network card in AMI BIOS

Step-by-step instructions for a computer running on a BIOS from this manufacturer look like this:

Enable the network card in Award BIOS

In this case step by step instructions will look like this:

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Many people think of the BIOS as a separate chip on the motherboard. In fact, the basic I/O system is firmware set, recorded on a read-only memory (ROM). This is what is often called the “BIOS”.

When the computer is turned on, the programs contained in the ROM provide the ability to work and initial setup all computer components. They ask parameters and transmit the appropriate commands to the controllers to control the components. Some computer parts have their own BIOS, and communication with them is provided through similar system on the motherboard. Therefore, interaction with a hard drive, Flash drive or sdd is possible even before the operating system (OS) starts.

To briefly summarize, the basic system does the following: functions:

Assessing the performance of equipment at the moment the power is turned on;
Configuring basic equipment parameters by the user;
The primary drivers for device operation are also included in the BIOS; the OS uses them until it is fully loaded.

During preboot, information about the state of the computer can be assessed by . Errors downloads are indicated by different signals.

Basic I/O system settings

To access the BIOS setup menu, you must hold down the corresponding key when booting the computer. It depends on the computer manufacturer, but more often Del, F2, F8 or F10. In this case, further loading of the OS stops, and the user sees in front of him basic interface for setup or information.

To enter the interface on ASUS products used F2 key, which is held down before pressing the power button. When working with Windows 10, it is possible to call up the base system interface before rebooting the OS. Shift+item "" in the shutdown menu. IN service menu OS, you need to select “return to factory settings and additional”, then additional features and “start interface UEFI after reboot."

Navigation in BIOS setup mode is carried out using the keys shooter, item selection Enter, and the change in value is +/-. When pressed F1 help appears F9 returns initial settings, A F10 causes exit from the interface while saving the settings. To exit without saving the settings, press Esc.

Main menu

This screen appears after entering the BIOS settings and contains basic information about the computer and the underlying system. Only system parameters can be changed on it. time And date (System time And system date), these items are highlighted in blue. They are given in the following format: day of the week<month><number><year> and system time<watch><minutes><seconds>. Information about hardware is available in the hardware information points. processor manufacturer, its name and clock frequency in GHz (item Processor Information). The size of the installed RAM in MB is also indicated.

In addition, for the convenience of the user, on the right side of the screen in two windows, brief information about the item on which the cursor is placed is indicated in the upper one, and a reminder about the control keys in the lower one.

Consistently on the main screen the following information about manufacturers and versions is indicated:

BIOS manufacturer. Paragraph Bios Vendor.
Base system version, or Version.
GOP Version. Version of the primary graphics controller (GOP). It helps to identify discrete video card and provides basic firmware for working with it from the motherboard.
Primary controller version ( EC Version). It performs the simplest actions when starting a personal computer;
Operating system serial number or Serial Number. It is required for use licensed version on this computer;
User interface access level ( Access Level). Without changing the security settings, the administrator is usually designated here.

The information provided here is of no use to most users. But when upgrading a computer without replacing the motherboard, it becomes necessary. From it you can find out about compatibility equipment with new components. If the new video card refuses to work, there is a possibility BIOS updates to a version that supports the new hardware.

When resetting the settings, the system time is also reset; while on this screen, you need to set the current date and time.

Advanced settings

Menu section that allows you to fine tuning base system. It includes a fairly large number of subparagraphs, which vary from version to version:

Easy Flash. Starting the update from the Flash drive. A useful sub-item that launches the BIOS update procedure directly from a file on the computer’s HDD
To turn on/off the sensor on the touchpad there is a line Internal Pointing Device. If you set the value to Disable, working with a laptop without a separate mouse will become impossible.
The line is responsible for activating the laptop when the lid is lifted Wake On Lead Open. When you turn it off, you will have to constantly press the power key.
To save battery charge when turned off, point Power Off Energy Saving must be enabled. He is responsible for supplying electricity to USB ports when turned off, this may result in battery drain.
Intel Virtualization Technology not a very ordinary sub-item, it is related to the possibility of processing graphic information processor when creating a virtual machine in the operating system. For regular users, disabling or enabling this feature will not change anything
Data protection when working with the processor is possible when the Intel AES-NI. It is a set of encryption instructions that helps the processor protect data while it is at rest or in transit over a network.
VT-d or Virtualization technology for directed I/O This item is responsible for using hardware virtualization technology for I/O devices. Now everyone supports this feature modern processors, it allows you to process calculations and information from input/output devices virtual machines using the hardware of a real computer on which emulation occurs.
SATA Configuration. This sub-item contains information about connected SATA devices such as hard drive and optical drive. If you have problems with this equipment, you can get the information you need here.
Graphics Configuration contains settings for internal graphics Intel processor. Here you can change the amount of RAM that is allocated for the needs of computing graphic information. The point is responsible for this DVMT Pre-Allocated, it can take values from 64 MB to 512 MB.
Technology Anti-Theft from Intel allows you to protect your laptop from theft at the hardware level and make data on the hard drive inaccessible if it is especially important. To do this, the computer must have a 3G module. Enabling this feature is located in the Intel(R) Anti-Theft Technology configuration submenu.
The corresponding submenu ( USB Configuration). When using a keyboard connected to this port, you must be careful about USB Legacy Support. If it is disabled, the keyboard will not work until the OS boots, which means the user will not be able to manage boot disks and flash drives or get into the BIOS interface. Changing an item XHCI will result in termination of support USB devices 0 or USB 3.0. The Auto value allows the base system to work with both versions of the interface.
Network Stack allows you to boot the OS using virtual disk over a local network, even if the computer does not have its own HDD.

Boot menu

In it the user sets order loading information from external storage devices. Here you can also select priority loading of the operating system if there are two or more systems on the computer. Until recently, this item contained only permission to boot from a disk or flash drive and a submenu for priority loading of systems. The last two points were responsible for adding to boot scheme additional devices and removing unnecessary ones.
With the gradual transition after the release of Windows 8 and 10 to UEFI, an additional item appears called Secure Boot which does not allow you to download software from unknown sources. This can make it very difficult to start the OS with bootable flash drive or boot disk, even if they are fully functional. Therefore, when reinstalling the system, you should disable this item.

The function helps the system boot quickly Fast Boot, which is usually always on. The sub-item is responsible for activating the compatibility mode Launch CSM, it is necessary for those users who want to reinstall the OS, possibly even a previous version.

Security

Security allows you to set passwords of various levels when loading the basic system, after it boots, and when accessing the HDD.

The first sub-item is responsible for installation login password into the BIOS setup interface, and it is possible to divide visitors into administrators and users. The administrator has the rights to change all system settings, while the user has severely limited rights.

The following lines are responsible for setting passwords: Set Administrator Password And Set User Password. After their installation, the corresponding items change Status. For the HDD password the principle is similar: lines Set Master Password And Set User Password set passwords, the Status line indicates their availability.

Menu for exiting the interface (Save & Exit)

When you finish working with the basic system setup interface or receive all necessary information the user goes to this sub-item.

Exit without saving settings ( Discard Changes and exit);
Return to original or factory settings ( Restore Defaults);
Exit saving all changes ( Save Changes and Exit);
Save changes made during the last session( Save Changes);
Delete changes ( Discard Changes).

Paragraph Boot Override allows you to manually select the boot OS in cases where there is more than one on one hard drive.

Launch EFI shell from file allows you to boot the OS onto your hard drive from external devices. In this case, you must use the EFI shell, which must be located on removable media.

Troubleshooting BIOS

Most users cannot harm the underlying system through their actions. The first problems begin when you try to improve your computer or laptop.

When increasing the amount of RAM or installing new video card preferably update BIOS right up to new version. This will help avoid hardware incompatibility. Usually in this case the computer simply refuses to see the new device. After successful flashing of the ROM this problem disappears.

To initialize this procedure, you must use either internal routines such as Easy Flash, or programs in the OS. You need to find a more modern one on the computer manufacturer's website. It is also advisable to check whether it will support the installed hardware by reading the version description.

Updating the version of the base system may lead to incompatibility with already installed equipment, since the ROM has a limited capacity and support for new devices is possible only by removing information about outdated ones from it. For this reason BIOS update shown only in the case of installing new equipment, and if the computer is operating stably and there are no changes, “preventive” reprogramming is not advisable.

During the rewrite procedure shouldn't happen disconnecting the computer from the network. If this happened, data recovery in ROM will be very difficult, most likely impossible, and then the help of a specialist will be needed. Change work software motherboards are repairs, so the user carries them out at his own peril and risk, losing the warranty if carried out incorrectly.

When installing password in the basic system and the impossibility of configuring it to restore the computer’s functionality, the possibility was deliberately left hard reset to factory settings. This feature is related to the storage features BIOS settings. The system itself is written to ROM, and its settings are located in another memory called CMOS. To clean it you need to find jumper or jumper near the system power battery (for running the clock when the computer is turned off). Also helps extraction this battery, if it is removable.

Some motherboards allow you to adjust the noise made by the cooler thanks to regulation fan speed. This is useful when using a PC in an office where the noise level is quite high, and the tasks performed by the computer will not cause the processor to overheat.

For lovers acceleration system components, working with BIOS/UEFI parameters becomes a routine task. In advanced versions, you can configure subtle voltage and frequency parameters directly through the interface of the basic system. It is assumed that the user is aware of the consequences of tampering with these parameters. Typically, such settings are available for expensive processor models, motherboards and video cards.

On sale SSD drives did not solve the problem of working with huge volumes of data that need to be quickly read from hard drives. In this case, technology is used. To do this, two or more disks are combined, and information is distributed among them according to special algorithms. This way you can get a significant increase in speed and reading information. Most of the configuration takes place in the BIOS interface.