And I thought: does everyone know that to work with FTP storages, standard Windows tools? In this article I will describe three simple methods transferring files via FTP using an example. The same techniques apply in . All you need is , Explorer and the command line.
Method one: Internet Explorer 8
Any Internet user is familiar with HTTP addresses for accessing websites, which are entered into the address bar of the browser - for example, . Addresses for accessing FTP servers are built according to the same principle: .
Enter your public FTP storage address, such as Microsoft (Figure A), in the address bar and click . If the connection is successful, you will see the root directory. To access subdirectories and files, click on the main directory. To download a file, click on it right click mouse and select the “Save Target As” option.
As you can see, all database articles, patches, updates, utilities and Microsoft documentation are stored on the server, only they are presented in the form of a list with dates. Detailed information about FTP storage is contained in the "readme.txt" files.
Figure A. Microsoft FTP server as seen from Internet Explorer 8.
Please note: to successfully connect to an FTP server using IE, the “Enable FTP folder view (outside of Internet Explorer)” and “Use passive FTP protocol ( Use Passive FTP (for firewall and DSL modem compatibility) in the Browsing section of the Advanced tab of the Internet Options dialog box. You can call it from the “Tools” menu.
To access private FTP servers, you must enter a username and password (Figure B). However, this way in IE 7 or IE 8 you can only view a list of files. To download you will have to use Explorer ( Windows Explorer). See Fig. for details. C, D, E and F.
Figure B: A username and password are required to access private FTP servers.
Figure C. Select the “Page | Open FTP site in Windows Explorer"(Page | Open FTP Site in Windows Explorer) or "View | Open FTP Site in Windows Explorer (View | Open FTP Site in Windows Explorer) to launch Explorer.
Figure D: In the Internet Explorer Security Warning dialog box, click Allow.
It is often necessary to automate the processes of downloading, uploading and deleting files from an FTP server. For example, when working with distributed databases 1C data or to save backup copies. But not everyone knows that these procedures can be performed from command line without resorting to additional software, that is Windows tools. Below I will provide the command syntax for working with FTP, as well as examples of bat files for these operations.
1.ftp command
To exchange files with an FTP server, use the ftp command, here is its syntax:
FTP[-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-A] [-x:sendbuffer]
[-r:recvbuffer] [-b:asyncbuffers] [-w:windowsize] [node]
| -v | Disable display of responses from a remote server. |
| -n | Disable automatic login upon initial connection. |
| -i | Disabling interactive requests when sending multiple files. |
| -d | Enable debug mode. |
| -g | Disable file name globalization (see GLOB command). |
| -s:filename | Exercise text file, containing FTP commands that will be executed automatically when you start FTP. |
| -a | Using the local interface to bind the connection. |
| -A | Anonymous login to the service. |
| -x:send sockbuf | Override the default buffer size SO_SNDBUF (8192). |
| -r:recv sockbuf | Override the default buffer size SO_RCVBUF (8192). |
| -b:async count | Overriding the default async counter size (3) |
| -w:windowsize | Override the default transmit buffer size (65535). |
| node | Specifying the name or IP address of the remote node, to which you want to connect. |
As you can see, there are no operators for connecting to the server and working with files. The thing is that this command only starts the ftp session:
!
Temporary transition to the shell.
append
Adding to file.
ascii
Setting the transfer mode for files in ascii format.
bell
Issue sound signal upon completion of the command
binary
Set the binary file transfer mode.
bye
End the ftp session and log out.
CD <удаленный_каталог>
Changing the working directory on the remote computer where:
<удаленный_каталог>
— the name of the directory that will become working.
close
Ending the ftp session.
debug
Switching debugging mode.
delete <удаленный_файл>
Deleting a file on a remote computer where:
<удаленный_файл>
— name of the file to be deleted.
dir [ <удаленный_каталог>
] [<локальный_файл>
]
Displays the contents of the remote computer's directory, where:
<удаленный_каталог>
<локальный_файл>
disconnect
Ending the ftp session.
get <удаленный_файл>
[<локальный_файл>
]
Getting a file where:
<удаленный_файл>
<локальный_файл> —
file name on local computer .
glob
Switching the metacharacter extension of local file names.
hash
Switches the "#" output for each transferred block of data.
help [ <команда>
]
Display help information for the ftp command, where:
<команда> —
The command whose description will be displayed, if not specified, all commands will be output.
lcd [ <локальный_каталог>
]
Changing the local directory of the working computer, where:
<локальный_каталог>
— The name of the new local directory; if not specified, the name of the current directory will be used.
literal <команда_1> … <команда_n>
<команда_n>
— commands to send;
ls [<remote_directory>] [<local_file>]
Displays the abbreviated contents of the remote computer's directory, where:
<удаленный_каталог>
— directory whose contents will be displayed; if not specified, the current directory is used;
<локальный_файл>
— specifies a local file to save to the list; if not specified, the list is displayed on the screen.
mdelete<remote_file_1> … <remote_file_n>
Deleting multiple files on a remote computer where:
<удаленный_файл_n>
— names of files to delete.
mdir<remote_directory_1> … <remote_directory_n> <local_file>
Print the contents of several directories on a remote computer, where:
<удаленный_каталог_n>
— the directory whose contents will be displayed;
<локальный_файл>
— specifies a local file to save to the list; if not specified, the list is displayed on the screen.
mget <удаленный_файл_1>
… <удаленный_файл_n>
Receiving multiple files where:
<удаленный_файл_n>
— remote file to copy.
mkdir <удаленный_каталог>
Create a directory on the remote computer where:
<удаленный_каталог>
— name of the remote directory to create.
mls<remote_directory_1> ... <remote_directory_n>
<local_file>
Print the shortened contents of several directories on a remote computer, where:
<удаленный_каталог_n>
— directory whose contents will be displayed; if not specified, the current directory is used;
<локальный_файл>
— specifies a local file to save to the list.
mput <локальный_файл_1> … <локальный_файл_n>
Sending multiple files where:
<локальный_файл_n>
— the name of the local files that will be copied.
prompt
Toggle interactive tooltip for compound commands.
put <локальный_файл>
[<удаленный_файл>
]
Sending one file, where:
<local_file>
<удаленный_файл>
pwd
Displays the working directory of the remote computer.
quit
End the ftp session and exit to the command line.
quote <команда>
Send an arbitrary ftp command, where:
<команда>
— command to send.
recv <удаленный_файл>
[<локальный_файл>
]
Retrieving a file using the current file type settings, where:
<удаленный_файл>
— remote file for copying;
<local_file>
— file name on the local computer .
remotehelp [ <команда>
]
Obtaining help information about commands on a remote system, where:
<team> — remote system command; if not specified, a list of all commands is displayed.
rename <имя_файла>
<новое_имя_файла>
Renaming remote file, Where:
<file name>
— file name to rename;
<new_file_name>
— new file name.
rmdir <имя_каталога>
Deleting a directory on a remote computer where:
<directory_name>
— name of the directory to delete.
send <локальный_файл>
[<удаленный_файл>
]
Copy a single file using the current file type settings, where:
<local_file>
- Name local file for copying;
<удаленный_файл>
— file name on the remote computer.
status
Displays the current ftp connection status.
trace
Toggle packet tracing.
type [ <имя_типа>
]
Setting the file transfer type, where:
<type_name>
— file transfer type; if not specified, the current file transfer type will be displayed.
user <имя_пользователя>
[<пароль>
] [<учетная_запись>
]
Sending information to connect to remote computer, Where:
<username>
— username for connecting to the remote computer;
<password>
- password for specified name user, if not specified but required for connection, the ftp command will prompt the user for it;
<account_account>
— account to connect to a remote computer, if not specified but required for connection, the ftp command will prompt the user for it;
verbose
Switching the message output mode.
Let's look at a small example.
First, let’s write a “body file” that will upload to the server website file file_data.dat from " C:\example". The algorithm for the bat file will be as follows:
- Create a transport.txt file with a sequence of ftp statements;
- We execute the ftp command, specifying the created file as parameters;
- Delete transport.txt.
IN in this example The file name and directory are hardcoded in the file. This is not always convenient. Let’s modify the bat file so that it receives the data to be loaded as parameters, and we’ll also move all changeable values into file variables. We get the following code ():
Accordingly, to copy the file file_data.dat from " C:\example" to the FTP server in " Temp\Backup", you will need to run this batch file, specifying the file name, local and remote directories as parameters.
In a similar way, you can write bat files for and on an FTP server, as well as an executable file with an arbitrary set of instructions.
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28.04.2011
How to transfer files via ftp to the server?
For the first time, faced with the need to upload data to the server, the webmaster must decide several questions for himself. How to do this? With the help of what program? Which one is better, more convenient? And the like. But in fact, transferring data via FTP is a simple and common procedure when developing websites and placing them on hosting.First we need to figure out how this happens. Let's say there are two computers: your home and a remote server. A channel must be established between them through which data will be exchanged. How does this happen? Your home computer, having the server address, sends a request to establish a connection. The server receives it and in response sends its request for login and password. And your home computer sends them to it, and from the moment the data is received and verified, the server opens access to the folder.
This is a small schematic example that will make things clearer. And now we know what information we need to know. First of all, we must have an ftp server address, and a login and password must be attached to it. Secondly, we need an ftp client program.
It's up to you to decide which program to choose. There are both paid and free options. You can use total commander or filezilla. The last one I recommend to you. It's powerful, convenient and free. It happens that errors occur during data transfer and not all files are transferred or transferred file already exists. This is where the functionality of your ftp client is important. It is very important to know which files were transferred successfully and which could not be transferred, and what to do with files that already exist? Replace? Delete? Add it? Choose the ftp client that is convenient for you!
But no matter what program you use, the procedure is always the same. Download your program, install it and run it. Find the “create a new connection” button (it can be called differently: create a new site, etc.) and click it. A window will appear in front of you ftp setup connections. There will be a lot different settings, but you only need to fill in four: connection name, ftp server, your username and password. As a rule, this data is sufficient.
You can enter any name for the connection: for example, my website. Ftp server (sometimes written as host) will be provided by your hoster (company that provides hosting services). It can be in the form of numbers (80.123.456.74) or in the form of letters (ftp.narod.ru). This is exactly what needs to be entered. The hoster will also give you a login and password. Enter them carefully and watch the keyboard layout and what language you are entering data in. Leave the rest of the settings alone. Now you can safely click “ok” and connect to the server.
We have done everything necessary and in 99% of cases there is no need to configure anything else in your connection. However, sometimes you need to specify the port number. In this case, enter 21. Also, let the server type, file name encoding and transfer mode be automatically determined.
Once the connection is set up, you can safely transfer your files to your
We will not delve into the theory of information transfer protocols. We are interested practical application FTP for uploading html pages and files to hosting. In practical terms, FTP is a method of transferring data between computers, as in local network, and on the Internet. Moreover, if your computer is running Windows, and the server is managed by Linux or another OS, there will be no problems; the FTP protocol is standard and generally accepted.
Why do you need to upload a website via FTP, and not via the usual HTTP protocol? Because FTP is more convenient and faster. The difference is about the same as between transporting goods in boxes and boxes from a warehouse to a store by machine and carrying them in bulk bags by hand. In a word, FTP is popular on the Internet for good reason.
Login, password and FTP server address
To set up an FTP connection with remote server, on which you have or will have a website, your hoster must provide you with the following information: login, password and FTP server address. They are needed to organize access restrictions to your site. So that only you can change the data on the site.
Transferring files via FTP using Internet Explorer
If you don’t have any file manager or special FTP client at hand, the Internet Explorer browser or the My Computer window will do, which is essentially the same thing.
Using the data received from the hoster, we create a direct link to connect via FTP to the server:
ftp://login:password@ftpserver address
Login and password are separated by the service symbol “ : ", after the password before the ftp server address there is a service symbol " @ " At the very beginning of the link we write “ ftp://"so that the browser is sure that file transfer will be via the FTP protocol, and not via the more familiar HTTP. There should be no spaces in the link.
To copy files from your computer to an FTP server, just drag and drop the file into open window ftp connections. Files can be copied either one at a time or in groups. The standard file copying process will begin:
After copying is completed, the file will be located on the server. To verify this, open your site in a browser and add the missing path to it in address bar. If you copied the file to the root disk, simply add the name of the file uploaded to the server after the slash to the domain. If a file is opened (picture, html page) or a download request appears (archive, program), the file is uploaded to FTP.
If you need to copy a file from one FTP server to another, you will first have to upload required file to your computer, and then upload it to a second server. Not all servers support copying from another ftp server directly.
If you have an ntldr is missing error, I recommend finding out about possible reasons and ways to eliminate it on the website nastroisam.ru.
Changing file access rights via FTP
If you need to change the read/write permissions of your file (for example, your content management system requires this), this is not difficult to do. Right-click on the file uploaded to the server in the FTP connection window and select the bottom “Properties” item. In the window that opens, check all the boxes and click OK.
Do not enable file access unless absolutely necessary, especially script files. If changing permissions is needed for a short period of time, do not forget to disable recording after completing the actions.
For example, when editing WordPress templates Through the admin panel you need to set write permission for theme files. People often forget to return everything as it was, which can cause damage to the blog by bad people. Be careful.
It should be noted that this method Most people find copying files via FTP not the most convenient. But it is the simplest and does not require installation special programs. Typically, file managers are used to transfer files and change access rights via FTP ( Total Commander, Far, etc.) or special programs.
Another widely used Internet service is ftp. There is no Russian translation of this word, and it is called that way in conversation - eftepe. This abbreviation stands for file transfer protocol, but when considering ftp as an Internet service, we mean not just a protocol, but precisely a service - access to files in file archives.
Generally speaking, ftp is a standard program that runs over the TCP protocol and is always supplied with the operating system. Its original purpose is to transfer files between different computers operating on TCP/IP networks: on one of the computers the server program runs, on the second the user runs a client program that connects to the server and transfers or receives files via the FTP protocol. Here it is assumed that the user is registered on both computers and connects to the server using his name and password on this computer. The ftp protocol is, of course, optimized for file transfer.
This feature was the reason that ftp programs became part of a separate Internet service.
The fact is that the ftp server is often configured in such a way that you can connect to it not only under your own name, but also under the code name anonymous. Then not the entire file system of the computer becomes available, but a certain set of files on the server that make up the contents of the anonymous ftp server - a public file archive. So, if someone wants to provide files with information, programs, etc. for public use, then he just needs to organize an anonymous ftp server on his computer connected to the Internet. This is quite simple to do; ftp client programs are available on almost any computer - therefore, today public file archives are organized mainly as anonymous ftp servers. A huge amount of information and software is available on such servers today. Almost everything that can be made available to the public in the form of files is available from anonymous ftp servers. These are programs - freely distributed and demo versions, this is multimedia, and finally just texts - laws, books, articles, reports.
Despite its popularity, ftp also has many disadvantages. FTP client programs may not always be convenient or easy to use. It is not always possible to understand what kind of file this is in front of us - whether it is the file that we are looking for or not. There is no simple and universal search tool for anonymous ftp servers - although there is a special archie service for this, it is an independent program, not universal and not always applicable. Ftp programs are quite old and some of their features, which were useful at birth, are not very clear and are needed today - for example, there are two modes for transferring files - binary and text, and if the wrong mode is suddenly selected, the transferred file may be damaged. Descriptions of files on the server are provided in the format of the server operating system, and a list of operating system files UNIX systems may confuse the DOS user. The problem here is that the list of files provides unnecessary information, and knowing too much is always harmful. ftp servers are decentralized, and this brings its own problems.
Despite all this, anonymous ftp servers are today the standard way to organize public file archives on the Internet. You can also organize access to files under a password - for example, for your clients.
Ftp is a direct access service that requires a full Internet connection, but access via email is also possible - there are servers that can send files by email from any anonymous ftp server. However, this can be very inconvenient, because such servers are heavily loaded, and the request can wait a long time for its turn. In addition, when sending large files, the server divides them into parts of a limited size, sent in separate letters - and if one part out of a hundred is lost or damaged during transmission, then the remaining 99 will also be unnecessary.
